Roman Viklenko, madaxa cilmiga beeraha ee beeraha Kirby, Jamhuuriyadda Kyrzizstan
Bada Kyrgyzstan waxay qiyaastii tahay 20 milyan oo hektar, taas oo 10,6 milyan oo hektar oo dhul beereed ah, oo ay ku jiraan 1,2 milyan hektar oo dhul beereed ah oo wadar ahaan waraabkeedu yahay 0,8 milyan hektar.
Dadka intiisa badan (in ka badan 60%) waxay ku nool yihiin dhulka miyiga ah, heerka nolosha ee dalka wuxuu inta badan ku xiran yahay wax soo saarka beeraha.
Cimilada qaybta ugu weyn ee dalka ayaa ah mid qaaradda ah, oo leh kuleyl aad u kulul iyo jiilaal qabow. Meelaha dooxada ah ee beeraha, xagaaga heerkulka hawadu wuxuu kacaa ilaa 45 - 48 ° C, xilliga qaboobaha wuxuu mararka qaar hoos uga dhacaa –30 ° C oo leh dabool yar oo baraf ah, heerkulka habeenkiina badanaa 12-15 ° C wuu ka hooseeyaa maalinta.
Wadarta celceliska roob sanadle ah kama badnaan karo 500 mm, oo ku kala duwan sanado iyo gobollo ay ku badan yihiin roobabka guga hore. Waxa ka reeban xaga roobab waa aagag gaar ah, gaar ahaan, aagga beeraha ee dooxada Issyk-Kul, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay saamaynta harada Issyk-Kul ee buuraha dheer leh.
Xaaladaha dabiiciga ah iyo kuwa cimilada ee jamhuuriyadda ayaa ku habboon wax-soo-saarka dalagyo badan oo beeraha ka mid ah, oo ay ku jiraan ku dhowaad dhammaan khudaarta. Baradhadu waxaa laga beeraa meel kasta oo ka mid ah jamhuuriyadda.
Taariikhda baradhada ee ka baxda dalka waxay leedahay in ka badan qarni.
Sida lafilayo, baradhadu waxay timid Kyrgyzstan qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 19-aad, laakiin kumaysan fideynin hal mar: badeecooyinka asal ahaan ka soo jeeda xayawaannada ayaa ku badan cuntada ay leeyihiin dadka waddanka deggan markaa (taas oo caan ku ah dadka reer guuraaga ah). Caannimada baradhada waxay bilaabeen inay mar hore koraan xilliyadii Soofiyeeti, dareenka ugu badan ee dhaqankuna wuxuu bilaabay in lasiiyo 90-meeyadii, markii jamhuuriyaddu xornimada qaadatay. Waxsoosaarka Baradhadu wuxuu kudhowaad laba jibbaarmay ilaa 1992, laga bilaabo 360 tan ilaa diiwaanka 000 milyan tan tan 1,36 (Xogta FAO, 2007).
Maanta, horumarinta baradhada ka baxda Kyrgyzstan waxaa xaddiday la'aanta abuur tayo sare leh, noocyo wax soo saar leh, qalab iyo teknolojiyad. Ficil ahaan ma jiraan dhir warshado baradho ah, sidaa darteed, sicirka suuqa ee wax soo saarku aad buu u deggan yahay.
Marka laga eego dhinaca abaabulka, beeraha Jamhuuriyadda Kyrgyzstan waxaa xilligan lagu gartaa u badnaanta beeraha yaryar ee gaarka loo leeyahay, taas oo ka dhalatay la wareejinta dhulka iyo hantida beero wadareed iyo dawladeed. Inta badan beeraleydu ma haystaan ilo dhaqaale oo lagama maarmaan u ah inay qabtaan howlo wax ku ool ah. Cawaaqibka tooska ah ee tan waa wax soo saarka shaqaalaha oo hooseeya, saamiga sare ee kharashyada go'an, halista wax soo saarka ee muhiimka ah, isbeddelada iyo dakhliga wax soo saarka dalagga
Laakiin sidoo kale waxaa jira beero leh sannado badan oo waayo-aragnimo shaqo oo guuleysatay. Sida uu xusay Uralbek Nogoibaev, Agaasimaha Guud ee Eurasia Group Kyrgyzstan (shirkaddu waxay ku hawlan tahay bixinta mashiinada beeraha John Deere, JCB, GRIMME, Väderstad, iwm. Kyrgyzstan), horumarkooda firfircoon wuxuu inta badan u sabab yahay soo bandhigida tikniyoolajiyadda casriga ah. .
Beerta beeraleyda "Kirby"
Chui (degmada Alamedin) iyo gobollada Issyk-Kul (degmada Tyup)
Beerta ugu weyn ee soosaarista baradhada iyo barandho ee Jamhuuriyadda
Shirkadda waxaa lagu aasaasay 1997 magaalada Bishkek. Magaca "Kirby" wuxuu u muuqday natiijo ah ku darista ereyada "Kyrgyzstan" iyo "Bishkek".
Khadkii ugu horreeyay ee waxqabadka wuxuu ahaa ka shaqeynta baradhada: shirkaddu waxay billowday xariiq loogu talagalay soosaarida jajabyada. Seddex sano ka dib, shirkadu waxay sidoo kale bilowday soo saarida alaabta ceyriinka, ka dibna waxay kordhisay wax soo saarkii dalagyada
Hadda beerta "Kirby" waa shirkad horseed u ah Jamhuuriyadda Kyrgyz ee soo saarista jibbaarada. Alaabooyinka waxaa lagu soo saaray sumadda PIR.
Baradhada ka sokow, beertu waxay soo baxdaa xilliga qaboobaha iyo guga, jiilaalka iyo shaciirka guga, jiilaalka la kufsaday, gabbaldayaha, soybeanska, masago, waxay baraysaa alfalfa wareegga dalagga ee soosaarka caleenta iyo miraha, sainfoin.
Wadarta guud ee beerashada dalagyada beeraha ee gobolka Chui waa 450 hektar, laga bilaabo 70 ilaa 100 hektar oo dhul beereed ah ayaa sanadkiiba loo qoondeeyaa baradhada. Gobolka Issyk-Kul, guud ahaan bedkiisu waa 310 hektar, 35-40 hektar ayaa loo qoondeeyay baradhada.
Beerta beeraha, inta badan noocyada dambe ee jalaatada baradhada ayaa la beeray, noocyo hore ayaa sidoo kale loo soo saaraa si looga soo saaro berrinka.
Celceliska waxsoosaarka baradhada sanadihii la soo dhaafay ee gobolka Chui wuxuu marayaa heer ah 450 c / ha, isu geynta guud waa 3700 tan. Celceliska waxsoosaarka baradhada abuurka ee gobolka Issyk-Kul waa 400-450 c / ha, isku darka guud waa 1000-1500 tan.
Abuurka sii kordhaya. Waxyaabaha abuurka ee qaybaha sare iyo kuwa ugu caansan waxaa laga helay beerta Jarmalka waxayna ku tarmeen degmada Tyup ee Issyk-Kul oblast. Laga soo bilaabo 2020, beerta ayaa tijaabinaysay baradhada iniinyaha ee ka timid Ruushka.
Mustaqbalka dhow, beerta waxay qorsheyneysaa inay hesho xaaladda wax soo saar abuurka, si ay u abuurto abuur tayo sare leh oo beeraleyda deegaanka ah. Shirkaddu mar hore ayay qaadaysaa tallaabooyin ay ku gaadhayso hadafkan: tusaale ahaan, sanadkii hore, baradhada miiska ee xulashada Solana ayaa loo iibsaday taranka.
Farsamada... Mashiinnada lugaha leh John Deere 6195 M iyo 6135 B ayaa loo adeegsadaa beerista baradhada. Beerista waxaa lagu sameeyaa dhirta GRIMME GL430, goosashada waxaa lagu sameeyaa hal saf oo isku xigta ah iyo labo saf oo la raacay oo isku jira GRIMME SE 75-40 iyo GRIMME SE 260.
Kaydinta Beerta ku taal beerta "Kirby" waxaa ku yaal bakhaarro baradho ah oo abuur ah iyo baradho la keydin karo. Baradhadii iniinyaha waxaa lagu ridayaa lix sanduuq oo muddo-dheer ah oo leh qaboojin firfircoon, heerkulka kaydinta ee iyaga ku jira waxaa lagu hayaa 3,2-3,8 ° C. Awoodda guud ee keydinta abuurka waa 610 tan. Waxaa jira afar sanduuq oo muddo dheer lagu keydiyo baradhada, laba ka mid ah ayaa lagu qalabeeyaa hawo hawo firfircoon iyo laba - oo leh nidaam qaboojiye firfircoon. Heerkulka keydinta waxaa lagu hayaa 6-7 ° C. Awoodda guud ee keydinta baradhadu waa 2800 tan.
Sanadkii 2020, xarun cusub oo baradhada lagu keydiyo oo buuxisa heerarka casriga ah ayaa laga dhisay dhulka beeraha Kirby ee degmada Tyup, qalab cusub oo lagu keydiyo GRIMME iyo SKALS ayaa la iibsaday. Xarunta keydinta waxay leedahay laba qol oo midkiiba qaadi karo 600 tan.
Waraabka. Rinjiyeyaasha nooca Drum ee sumadda Nettuno ayaa lagu rakibay aagagga lagu beeray beerta Kirby. Maaddaama roobab yar ay ka da'ayaan dalka oo heer kulka xilliga kuleylaha uusan miisaan aheyn, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in si joogto ah ciidda loo qoro. Mustaqbalka, shirkaddu waxay rajeyneysaa inay ku beddesho qalabka jira (oo u baahan kharash badan oo shaqaale inta hawlgalku socdo) nidaamyo waraab wareeg ah, sidaa darteed waxay rajaynaysaa inay si weyn kor ugu qaaddo waxtarka nidaamka waraabka.
Ciida. Beertu waxay qabataa shaqo nidaamsan oo lagu hagaajinayo carrada. Sannad kasta, dalagyada digada cagaaran ayaa lagu beeraa beeraha, miraha ay shirkaddu kaligeed iska baxdo. Tijaabinta tiknoolajiyada No-till ayaa socota, taas oo u oggolaaneysa in la yareeyo geeddi-socodka nabaad-guurka iyo in la yareeyo kharashka shaqada beeraha, sidaa darteedna, si loo yareeyo qiimaha wax soo saarka.
Sannadkan, beerta ayaa kordhisay aagga lagu beero baradhada, sababtoo ah baahida loo qabo alaabtan oo kordhay awgeed.
Waxaan rajeyneynaa in xilliga soo socda uu guuleysan doono dhammaan beeraha baradhada ee jamhuuriyadda.
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