Khabiirada shirkadda "Agoosto", oo ah mid ka mid ah soosaarayaasha Ruushka ee ugu weyn ee alaabada ilaalinta dhirta kiimikada, ayaa liis gareeyay dalagyada beeraha tirada badan ee faa'iidada leh, iyo sidoo kale khatarta ugu weyn ee goosashada dalagyadan xilli ciyaareedkan. Faa'iidada ugu badan ee beeralayda maanta waa beerashada firileyda, ubaxa gabbaldayaha, siidhka kufsiga, geed linenka saliidda ah iyo galleyda. Isla mar ahaantaana, hawsha ugu weyn ee macaash samaynta maaha dhimista kharashyada wax soo saarka beeraha, laakiin kordhinta wax soo saarka.
badarka Muddo hadda laga joogo dhowr sano, cimilada iyo dalagyada ka soo go’a ku tiirsanaanta ayaa wax badan ka tagay Yurub iyo Mareykanka labadaba. Xarumaha aduunka ee wax soo saarka badarka ayaa la ildaran roob la'aan. Suuqyada adduunka ee dalagga, qiimuhu aad buu u sarreeyaa dalabkuna waa mid deggan - illaa heer ah in, marka la eego dariiqyada, dalagyadan ay hadda dhaafeen hoggaamiyaha muddada dheer aan muranka lahayn - gabbaldayaha.
Dhanka kale, Ruushka, dalagyada dalagga ayaa aad u sarreeya, ”ayuu yiri Dmitry Belov, oo ah madaxa waaxda horumarinta wax soo saarka ee shirkadda Agoosto. "Cirrada kala duwan iyo aagagga cimiladu waxay u shaqeeyaan annaga: tusaale ahaan, waxaan leenahay Bartamaha Ruushka iyo, gaar ahaan, Gobolka Dhexe ee Dhulka Madow, halkaas oo qodobka xaddidaya ee qoyaanku uu si dhab ah uga maqan yahay, si ka duwan, dheh, gobollada koonfureed."
Tani macnaheedu maaha in aysan jiri doonin wax dhibaato ah 2021, inkasta oo khubarada qaarkood, oo ay ku jiraan adeegga falanqaynta ee Waaxda Beeraha ee Maraykanka (USDA), ay saadaaliyeen goosashada sarreenka rikoodhka ah ee Ruushka. Sidaa darteed, gu'gan ee gobolka Central Chernozem sababtoo ah dayrta qalalan iyo liidata liidata ee dalagyada jiilaalka waxaa jiray qayb sare oo ah aagagga "soo dhacay". Tusaale ahaan, beeraha qaar ee Gobolka Voronezh, 100% beeraha waa in dib loogu beeraa dalagyada guga. Sababtoo ah caaryada barafka, cudur fungal ah oo saameeya dhirta inta lagu jiro gu'ga dheer, qayb ka mid ah dalagyada jiilaalka ee Altai, Udmurtia iyo Bashkortostan ayaa dhintay. Cudur aad dhif u ah - sclerotinosis - ayaa sidoo kale ka muuqday Udmurtia, Bashkortostan iyo Mordovia. Marka la eego xaaladdan, waxaa loo qaadan karaa in qiimaha sarreenka, galley iyo shaciir uusan hoos u dhaceynin 2021. Khatarta dheeraadka ah waxaa ka mid ah cayayaanka sida boodada rootiga iyo siligworms, iyo tiro gobollo ah, sababtoo ah kororka xooggan ee heerkulka hawada maalinlaha ah, dalagyada ayaa la kulmay gubasho kuleyl ah.
Sunflower... Inkasta oo ay jiraan habab jira oo lagu jaangooyo qiimaha miraha gabbaldayaha, haddana waa dalagga xad-dhaafka ah oo leh awood dhoofin ballaaran. 2021, qiyaastii 8 milyan hektar oo dalaggan ah ayaa loo qorsheeyay in la beero, laakiin halkan waa in maskaxda lagu hayaa in dalagyadii jiilaalka ee dhintay la beeray, oo ay ku jiraan gabbaldayaha. Markaa, isbeddelka kor u kaca ee meelaha hoos yimaada 2021 wuu sii socdaa.
Beeralayda ballanqaadaya faa'iidada "ubax dahab ah" waxay ku dadaalaan inay badbaadiyaan xooggooda oo dhan - maahan wax aan micno lahayn in gabbaldayaha loo tixgeliyo dalagga calanka marka la eego horumarka isticmaalka alaabta ilaalinta dhirta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cudurada sida fomosis iyo phomopsis, kuwaas oo sababa necrosis unugyada dhirta, caariyaysi hoose, qudhunka dambiisha, botrytinia ( qudhuntay cawl) iyo sclerotiniasis, waxay ka sii dari kartaa goosashada sanadkan. Inkasta oo kan dambe uu isu muujiyay badarka jiilaalka, waa in maskaxda lagu hayaa in fangaska ee genus Sclerotinia, dhirta martida loo yahay gabbaldayaha, kufsiga, iyo soybeans, iyo qaab-dhismeedka u dhiganta ee wareegga dalagga ka qaybqaataa dhaawaca sii kordhaya ee dalagyada by sclerotinia. , ”Ayuu yiri Dmitry Belov.
Kufsi Ruushka, dhaqanka isticmaalka saliidda kufsiga ee cuntada lama horumariyo - si ka duwan Yurub. Sidoo kale, Shiinuhu wuxuu si badheedh ah u iibsanayaa dhammaan noocyada saliidda khudradda. Baahida loo qabo saliidda kufsiga ayaa weli sii kordheysa sababtuna tahay kororka wax soo saarka adduunka ee biodiesel, maadaama alaab ceeriin ah, rapeseed ay lagama maarmaan u tahay soo saaridda saliidaha warshadaha iyo saliidaha, soo saarista kiimikooyinka guriga iyo cadarka. Waxaas oo dhami waxay taageerayaan heerka iniinta la kufsaday sidii dalagga saliideed ee aad u yar. Dalka Ruushka, abuurka kufsiga jiilaalka ayaa si isa soo taraya ugu faafaya koonfurta ilaa woqooyiga, halkaas oo uu jiro qoyaan badan, oo ay ku jiraan dayrta, iyo, sidaas awgeed, khatarta ah in liidata dalagyada ay hoos u dhacaan. Meelaha laga beero dalagyada kufsiga gu'ga ayaa sidoo kale u janjeeray inay sii kordhaan sannadihii u dambeeyay.
"Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sanadkan miraha la kufsaday, iyo, sidaas awgeed, dhaqdhaqaaqa korriinka ee meelaha beeridda waa su'aal weyn. Tiro ka mid ah gobollo, halkaas oo markii hore uu jiray qoyaan ku filan sababtoo ah baraf da'aya, si kastaba ha ahaatee beeraha ayaa si degdeg ah u engegay: barafka, sida ay yiraahdaan, waxay noqdeen "madhan". Guud ahaan, xaaladaha cimilada waxaa loo tixgelin karaa khatarta ugu weyn ee kufsiga 2021, "Dmitry Belov ayaa aaminsan.
Saliid flax... Sannadka 2020, korodhka degdegga ah ee qiimaha iibka ee miraha dalaggan ayaa la yaab ku noqday soosaarayaasha. Mustaqbalka dhow, geed linen ah oo saliid ah ayaa laga yaabaa inuu si fiican isu muujiyo inuu yahay la xafiiltanka abuur la kufsaday - ugu yaraan dhulkaas oo xaaladaha cimiladu aanay ogolayn ku tiirsanaanta wax-soosaarkeeda joogtada ah. Saliidda Flaxseed iyo flax ayaa si isa soo taraysa loogu adeegsadaa wax soo saarka cuntada adduunka oo dhan, laakiin qodobka ugu weyn ee go'aaminaya kor u kaca qiimaha ayaa ah isticmaalka saliidda flaxseed oo ah alaabta ceeriin ee farsamada warshadaha, gaar ahaan, rinjiga iyo dhalada.
Xayawaanka saliidda leh ayaa la beeraa goor hore oo ku filan, way yar tahay u nuglaanshaha xaaladaha cimilada xun, yaraanta qoyaanku uma burburiso sida xad-dhaafkeeda. Waxaa ka mid ah cudurrada waxyeello u geysan kara dalagga 2021, marka hore, fusarium wilting iyo adhiga flax waa in la muujiyaa - cudur si weyn uga sii daraya tayada miraha. Marxaladaha ugu horreeya ee korriinka, flax sidoo kale waxaa si daran u hanjabi kara dirxiyada.
Galleyda. Caannimada "boqoradda beeraha" ayaa hoos u dhacday gobollada koonfureed ee Ruushka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Gobolka Dhexe ee Dhulka Madow, maanta waxaa suurtagal ah in la helo wax-soo-saarka sare ee dalaggan - qiyaastii 70 sentimitir halkii hektar. Guud ahaan, aagga dalagyada ayaa koraya - oo ay ku jiraan baahida loo qabo beeritaanka gu'ga ee meel ka mid ah dalagyada jiilaalka ee waxyeeloobay. Awoodda dhoofinta galleyda ayaa ah mid aad u sareysa, sidoo kale waxaa looga baahan yahay suuqa gudaha, sidoo kale waa dalag muhiim u ah xanaanada xoolaha.
“Marka laga eego dhinacyada, hadhuudhka macaan ee loo isticmaalo qasacadda ayaa taagan: waxay leedahay qiimayaal aad u sarreeya oo inta badan lagu beero heshiisyo horay loogu saxiixay soo -saarayaasha. Sidaa darteed, khalad kastaa wuxuu noqon karaa mid qaali ah. Waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee lagu xakameynayo cayayaanka ayaa ah suufka suufka ah, kuwaas oo diirradoodu ay ku degaan cobs, iyaga oo u keenaya waxyeello aan la soo celin karin oo ka dhigaya kuwo aan la isticmaali karin, iyo sidoo kale cawska hadhuudhka, "ayuu yidhi Dmitry Belov.
Sida khubarada "Agoosto", shaqada ugu weyn ee beeralayda ee Russia maanta waa si sax ah si ay u kordhiyaan wax soo saarka, iyo ma in la yareeyo kharashka wax soo saarka, taas oo si dhab ah u lumisay waxtarkeeda. Dalagga 30 c / ha, qiyaastii kharash la mid ah ayaa loo baahan yahay sida dalagga 60 c / ha, si kastaba ha ahaatee, qiimaha hal xabbo oo hadhuudh ah kiiska labaad ayaa hoos u dhacaya, iyo hoos u dhaca ayaa kordha. "Mar kasta oo wax-soo-saarku noqdaa mid sarreeya, ayaa sii kordhaysa baahida caymiska beeraha - cudurada, haramaha, cayayaanka. Soo -saareyaasha beeraha ee Ruushka ayaa maanta ku soo dhowaanaya “ugu yaraan macquul ah” kharashyada lagu beero dalagyada: in ka badan, waxay u badan tahay, inay suurtogal tahay, laakiin in yar baa hubaal aan macquul ahayn, ”ayuu ku soo gabagabeeyay Dmitry Belov.