Natiijada kama dambaysta ah ee 2019 waa 7,5 milyan oo tan oo baradho ah qaybta warshadaha. Tani waa 5,5% (396,5 kun oo tan) in ka badan sanadkii 2018. Sidaa darteed, xilli-xilliyeedka soo socda ee wax-soo-saarka beeraha ayaa hoos yimaada calaamadda wax-soo-saarka xad-dhaafka ah ee dhammaan dhibaatooyinka la socda.
Alexei Krasilnikov. Agaasimaha Fulinta ee Ururka Baradhada ee Ruushka
Qiimaha
Tobankii sano ee ugu horeysay ee Febraayo, baradhada Bartamaha Ruushka iyo gobolka Volga waxaa lagu iibiyaa celcelis ahaan 8-9 rubles / kg, taas oo ah, 15-20% ka jaban isla muddadaas sannadkii hore. Ilaa hadda, ma aragno shuruudaha isbeddelka xaaladda: waxaa jira alaabooyin badan oo suuqa ah.
SOO dejin
Isbeddellada wanaagsan, waa in la ogaadaa in mugga baradhada miiska laga keeno ee Ruushka ay weli ku jiraan heerka ugu hooseeya, inkasta oo ay hubaal tahay inay weli jiri doonto sahayda alaabta hore ee Masar, Azerbaijan, Israel, iwm.
Iyada oo ku saleysan xogta bilowga Febraayo, waxaa loo qaadan karaa in mugga badeecada la soo dejiyo, ay u badan tahay, uusan ka badnaan doonin sanadkii hore. Xusuusnow, sida uu qabo Rosstat, xilli ciyaareedka 2018/2019. Mugga soo dejinta ee baradhada miis ee Russia ayaa hoos u dhacay 45% - ilaa 316 kun oo tan (laga bilaabo 569 kun oo tan xilliga 2017/2018).
Inkasta oo muhiimada xaqiiqadan aan la qiyaasi karin: sannadkii hore, hoos u dhigista sahayda baradhada la soo dhoofiyo ma saameynayso qiimaha iyo heerka iibka kuwa gudaha.
MASAR
Sannadkii hore, sahayda baradhada Masar ee waddankeena ayaa hoos u dhacday ku dhawaad 3 jeer - laga bilaabo 359 ilaa 127 kun oo tan. Sababta ugu weyn ayaa ah dalagyada Yurub oo liita. Soosaarayaasha Masaarida ayaa inta badan wax soo saarkooda u diray baahi sare iyo qiimo sare.
Sannadkan, suuqa Yurub (gaar ahaan Jarmalka) ayaa mar kale la kulmaya yaraanta baradhada. Waxa kale oo jirta xog ku saabsan yaraanta dalagyada Qubrus, dalkan dhaqan ahaan waxa uu siiya baradho tayo sare leh dalalka Midowga Yurub. Sidaa darteed, waxaa jira shuruudo ah in dareenka soo saarayaasha Masaarida ay mar kale u jihaysan doonaan suuqyo faa'iido badan oo Yurub ah.
AZERBAIJAN
Ururka baradhada ayaa sidoo kale si dhow ula socda xaaladda Asarbayjan. Horaantii bishii Febraayo, golaha wasiirada ee dalka ayaa ku dhawaaqay go'aan lagu baabi'inayo canshuuraha soo dejinta ee baradhada shinnida si loo taageero wax soo saarka baradhada xilli hore. Azerbaijan waxay codsatay tillaabooyin la mid ah ka hor, laakiin horraantii wax waajibaad ah laguma dalacin saadka bilaha Maarso, Abriil iyo Maajo. Laga bilaabo sanadkan, soo dejinta ayaa laga dhaafi doonaa waajibaadka gobolka laga bilaabo Febraayo ilaa Abriil. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in dalagga ugu horreeya ee abuurka cashuurta la'aanta ah ee dalka laga keeno aan la goosan doonin May, laakiin Abriil. Soosaarayaasha beeraha ee Azerbaijan waxay filayaan in isbeddel ku yimaada shuruudaha (taas oo ah, bilawgii hore ee shaqada iyo helitaanka xilliga koritaanka ugu wanaagsan ee dalagga) waxay gacan ka geysan doontaa kordhinta wax-soo-saarka, hoos u dhigista kharashka wax-soo-saarka beeralayda iyo dhimista qiimaha baradhada hore.
Aynu iloobin in Ruushku yahay iibsadaha ugu muhiimsan ee baradhada Asarbayjaan hore. Sanadkii la soo dhaafay, mugga sahayda baradhada ee dalkan ayaa ka yar sidii caadiga ahayd: Azerbaijan ilaa Abriil 30, waajibaadyo dhoofinta ballaaran ayaa shaqeynayay, sidaas darteed mas'uuliyiintu waxay isku dayeen inay dejiyaan qiimaha suuqa gudaha. Iyo bishii Juun, niche ee baradhada hore ee dalkeena waxaa ku jiray wax soo saarka gudaha ee gobollada koonfureed. Waxyaalaha ayaa laga yaabaa inay si ka duwan u beddelaan sannadkan.
CADAADO
Aan ku muujinno Shiinaha saf gooni ah. Maanta, saxaafaddu waxay daabacdaa macluumaad badan oo ku saabsan dhibaatooyinka ka iman kara Ruushka sababtoo ah joojinta sahayda khudaarta ee dalkan. Xaqiiqda, dhibaatooyinku waxay ka soo bixi karaan oo keliya Bariga Fog iyo qayb ahaan Bariga Siberian, qaybta libaax ee alaabta Shiinaha ayaa la keenay halkaas.
Nasiib darro, hagida qulqulka khudaarta iyo baradhada ee Bariga Fog ee ka imanaya qaybta Yurub ee Ruushka ma fududa.
Dhoofinta
Sida laga soo xigtay Adeegga Kastamka Federaalka, xilli ciyaareedkan oo ku saabsan 200 kun oo tan oo baradho miis Ruush ah ayaa la siiyay Ukraine. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaan ka hadleynaa gaarsiinta tooska ah ee dalka, marka laga reebo gobollada Donbass. Kanaalkani waxa uu ka caawiyay beeralayda baradhada gudaha inay si faa'iido leh u iibiyaan alaabadooda.
Sidoo kale, gaarsiinta baradhada miis ee laga keenay Ruushka ayaa la geyn jiray Jamhuuriyadda Moldova iyo Serbia, in kasta oo aan la qiyaasin. Horumarinta iskaashiga Moldova waxaa curyaamiyay qudhunka giraanta - shay loo habeeyey Federaalka Ruushka, iyo karantiilka Moldova. Tiro badan oo shixnado ah oo baradho Ruush ah, Rosselkhoznadzor ma aysan bixin shahaadooyinka phytosanitary.
Iyadoo la falanqeeyay xaaladda hadda jirta, Rosselkhoznadzor waxay qorsheyneysaa inay abuurto khariidad qaybinta qudhunka giraanta ee dalka sanadkan, si markaa ka dib, iyada oo ku saleysan xogtan, ay go'aan ka gaarto arrinta ama aan la soo saarin shahaadooyinka phytosanitary.
Sahayda baradho shinni ah oo dibadda laga keeno
Xilligan xaadirka ah, arrimaha ku saabsan sahayda baradhada shinnida ee ka imanaysa wadamada EU ayaa la xaliyay halkii ay adagtahay. Bilawga Febraayo, waxaan si kalsooni leh uga hadli karnaa sahayda shixnadaha ee Finland. Jarmalku sidoo kale wuxuu siinayaa rajo saadaal rajo leh. Khabiiro ku takhasusay Rosselkhoznadzor ayaa horeba u waday daraasado shaybaar oo muunado badan oo loogu talagalay Ruushka. Laakiin weli ma jirto wax caddayn ah oo ku saabsan sahayda abuurka Nederlaan.
Khabiirada Rosselkhoznadzor ayaa sugaya martiqaad si ay u qabtaan xakamaynta shixnadda ka hor, laakiin Nederlaan waxay diyaar u yihiin inay bixiyaan oo kaliya ururinta xisaabinta nidaamsan ee wax soo saarka baradhada abuurka, iyada oo aan falanqaynta shaybaarka ee qaybaha gaarka ah ee shaybaarada Ruushka. Lama oga in labada dhinac ay heshiis gaari karaan iyo in kale. Waxaa intaa dheer, wakhtiga lagu gaadho heshiis waa mid aad u gaaban. Wakiilada shirkadaha taranka waxay ogaadaan in xaaladda hadda jirta aysan ka saarin suurtagalnimada in saamiyada loo sameeyay Ruushka loo wareejiyo dalal kale.
Aynu iloobin in qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah walxaha abuurka Nederland ay ka kooban yihiin noocyo si loo farsameeyo (iyo haddii aan ka hadalno wax badan oo leh minitubers, waxay yihiin 100% noocyada warshadaha warshadaha). Carqalad ku timaada sahayda shixnadahan waxay saamayn xun ku yeelan kartaa qorshayaasha mustaqbalka fog ee hawl-wadeennada Ruushka.
Arrinta ku saabsan sahayda baradhada shinnida ee Faransiiska waxay maraysaa heer isku mid ah. Waa arrin xiiso leh in sannadkii hore ay ku jirtay meel aad u yar oo ka mid ah alaab-qeybiyeyaasha alaabta abuurka ee waddankeena: soo dejinta waxay ahayd qiyaastii 7 tan oo baradho ah. Laakiin xilligan xaadirka ah, mugga amarrada hordhaca ah ayaa kor u kacay ilaa 3 oo tan, oo ku saabsan 000-5 hawlwadeennada Ruushka ayaa muujiyay inay diyaar u yihiin inay la shaqeeyaan qalabka Faransiiska.
Intaa waxaa dheer, tiro ka mid ah hawl-wadeennada Jarmalka, kuwaas oo kala duwan oo ku koray Faransiiska, sababo dhowr ah awgeed (xaalada qaarkood - phytosanitary, kuwa kale - sababtoo ah mugga aan ku filnayn ee Jarmalka) ayaa muujiyay rabitaan ah inay u beddelaan sahayda noocyo ilaa Ruush ka France. Dhanka Faransiiska ayaa si isdaba joog ah u xaqiijiyay in aysan jiri doonin caqabado hortaagan xakameynta shixnadaha, laakiin hadda wax horumar ah lagama sameynin jihadaas. Taasi waa, khatarta khalkhalka saadka ayaa weli ah mid aad u sarreeya.
Iyo gabagabadii, dhowr eray oo ku saabsan Jamhuuriyadda Belarus. Qiyaastii, waxaan fileynaa gaarsiinta baradhada abuurka heerkii sanadihii hore: taas oo ah, 4-6 kun oo tan.
Noocyo CUSUB oo ku jira Diiwangelinta Gobolka
Xilli ciyaareedkan, goor hore oo rikoor ah (Diisambar 20), shir guddiga khabiirada ayaa la qabtay si wax looga beddelo Diiwaangelinta Gobolka ee Guulaha Taranka ee loo Ogolaaday Isticmaalka.
Noocyo baradho ah, khudaar iyo qaraha ayaa la soo gudbiyay si loo tixgeliyo. Natiijada kulanka, 30 nooc oo cusub oo baradho ah ayaa lagu daray Diiwaanka Gobolka ee Ruushka; Saddex ka mid ah (Austin, Sorrentina, Fontane) ayaa loogu talagalay qaybta farsamaynta. Shan nooc (Indigo, Carmen, Lux, Prime, Red Scarlett), oo lagu daray Diiwaanka Gobolka hore, ayaa balaariyay inta badan gobollada isticmaalka.
MEESHA KORAYSA
Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Ruushka ayaa hadda saadaalisay in aagga baradhada ee qaybta warshadaha ee Ruushka ee xilliga cusub ay sii ahaan doonto heerkii sannadkii hore. Isla mar ahaantaana, khubaradu waxay ku xisaabtamayaan in qaar ka mid ah warshadaha beeraha ka dib, oo aan faa'iido badan u lahayn beeralayda baradhada, ay ka tagi doonaan beerashada dalagyada ama ay yareeyaan mugga wax soo saarkooda. Laakiin marka la barbar dhigo tan, aagga wax soo saarka baradhada ee farsamaynta ayaa kori doona - codsiga shirkadaha si firfircoon u kobcaya (Belaya Dacha, Agrico, iwm.).