D. Yu. Ryazantsev, E. M. Chudinova, L. Yu. Kokaeva, S. N. Elansky, P. N. Balabko, G. L. Belova, S. K. Zavriev
Fungiga 'phytopathogenic fungus' Colletotrichum coccodes wuxuu sababa cuduro qatar ah oo ku dhaca baradhada iyo yaanyada loo yaqaan anthracnose iyo tuber dhibic madow. Astaamaha qaabdhismeedka qaab-dhismeedka jirka, badanaa way adag tahay in laga sooco cudurrada ay keeneen noolaha kale; miraha yaanyada cagaaran, cudurku wuxuu noqon karaa mid aan astaamo lahayn, oo ka muuqda kaliya miraha guduudan ee bislaaday. Si dhakhso ah oo sax ah loo ogaado cudurka, waxaa la bixiyaa nidaam tijaabo PCR-ah oo dhab ah. Si loo horumariyo nidaamka tijaabada, taxanaha nukleotide ee hiddo-wadaha glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase ee 45 C. coccodes noocyo ka go'dan digriiga baradhada ee gobollada kala duwan ee Ruushka ayaa la go'aamiyay.
Iyada oo ku saleysan natiijooyinka la helay iyo falanqaynta isku xigxiga noocyada kale ee laga heli karo keydka xogta GenBank, astaamaha noocyada gaarka ah iyo baaritaanka loogu talagalay C. coccodes ayaa loo qaabeeyay. Si loo hubiyo gaar ahaanta nidaamka baaritaanka ee la abuuray, PCR waxaa lagu fuliyay DNA gooni ah oo laga soocay dhaqammada saafiga ah ee 15 noocyada kala duwan ee fangaska parasitic iyo saprotrophic ee la xiriira yaanyada iyo dhirta baradhada (Fusarium oxysporum, F. verticillium, Phomopsis phaseoli, Alternaria alternata, Helminthosporium solani, Colletotrichum coccodes Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus, Stemphylium vesicarium, Helminthosporium solani, Phomopsis phaseoli, Neonectria radicicola, Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium fulvum, C. cladosporioides). Joogitaanka Colletotrichum coccodes DNA waxaa lagu go'aamiyay wareegga marinka 20-27, halka noocyada kale la ogaaday kadib 40 wareeg ama aan la ogaan. Nidaamka tijaabada ayaa suurtogal ka dhigaya in si kalsooni leh loo ogaado C. coccodes uruurinta DNA-ga oo ka badan 0.01 ng / mm3 isku darka isku dhafka PCR. Iyadoo la adeegsanayo nidaamka tijaabada ee horumarsan, joogitaanka C. coccodes ee caleemaha yaanyada oo leh astaamaha cudurada fangas iyo digriiga baradhada oo aan lahayn astaamaha cudurka ee banaanka ayaa la baaray. Caleemaha qaba astaamaha infekshanka fungal waxaa laga soo ururiyey laba goobood oo kala duwan oo ku yaal Territory-ka Krasnodar, digriiga - laga soo bilaabo beeraha gobollada Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga, Nizhny Novgorod. Hal caleen yaanyo ah oo ay ku jirto C. coccodes DNA ayaa laga helay Territoriga Krasnodar; Jiritaanka weyn ee DNA-da cudurkan ayaa lagu ogaadey 5 shaybaar oo digriiga ah oo lagu beeray gobolada Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga.
Horudhac
Mushrooms genus Colletotrichum are phytopathogens khatar ku ah firileyda, khudaarta, geedaha, khudradda iyo khudradda berry. Mid ka mid ah noocyada noocan ah ee noocan ah, Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr).
Hughes, waa wakiilka sababa anthracnose iyo barta madow ee baradhada iyo yaanyada, waxayna u keentaa cuduro tiro dhir kale ah oo qoyska Solanaceae ah, oo ay ka mid yihiin. haramaha (Dillard, 1992). C. coccodes wuxuu saameeyaa dhamaan qaybaha dhulka hoostiisa ee geedka, saldhigyada asliga ah, caleemaha, iyo midhaha (Andrivon et al., 1998; Johnson, 1994). Diirka digriiga baradhada qaba, cudurka dhibco cawl leh geesaha aan si cad loo shaacin ayaa lagu arkaa, kuwaas oo ay si cad u muuqdaan dhibco madow oo ah sporulation iyo microsclerotia. Inta lagu jiro keydinta, boogaha leh waxyaalaha jilicsan ee jilicsan ayaa ka soo bixi kara saxarka digriiga, i.e. cudurku wuxuu galaa wajiga kudka, taas oo, si kastaba ha noqotee, ay tahay mid aad u yar.
Isla mar ahaantaana, astaamaha cudurka anthracnose (boogaha maqaarka oo leh dhibco yaryar oo madow) ayaa caan ku ah miraha yaanyada. Caleemaha, astaamaha C. coccodes waxay u muuqdaan inay yihiin baro madow oo madow, oo inta badan xuduud la leh unugyo jaalle ah (Johnson, 1994).
Horumarka barta madow ee digriiga ayaa xumeeya muuqaalkooda, taas oo si gaar ah loogu dhawaaqo markii la iibinayo baradhada casaan-dhiiga la dhaqay. Jidhka diirku wuxuu keenaa uumi bax badan iyo khasaarooyinka kaydinta oo kordha (Gaajo, McIntyre, 1979). Dhaawaca xubnaha kale ee dhirta wuxuu keenaa lumid dhalid, taas oo lagu xusay dhulka furan iyo midka xiran labadaba (Johnson, 1994; Tsror et al., 1999). Cudurada ay sababaan C. coccodes-ka ayaa caan ku ah ku dhowaad dhammaan gobollada soo saara baradho ee adduunka, oo ay ku jiraan Ruushka (Leesa, Hilton, 2003; Belov et al, 2018). Xakamaynta cuduradan waa mid adag sababtoo ah waxtarka aan ku filnayn ee sunta falayaasha jira ee ka dhanka ah C. coccodes iyo la'aanta noocyo adkaysi leh (Akhriso, Qari, 1995).
C coccodes inoculum wuxuu kusii jiri karaa digriiga abuurka (Akhriso, Qari, 1988; Johnson et al., 1997), iniinyaha yaanyada (Ben-Daniel et al., 2010), waxay ku noolaanayaan waqti dheer carrada, qashinka dhirta (Dillard, 1990 ; Dillard, Cobb, 1993) iyo haramaha (Raid, Pennypacker, 1987). Shaqooyinka qorayaal dhowr ah (Akhriso, Qari, 1988; Barkdoll, Davis, 1992; Johnson et al., 1997; Dillard, Cobb, 1993) waxay muujiyeen in horumarka cudurka baradhada iyo yaanyada inteeda badan ay kuxirantahay jiritaanka inoculum ee abuurka iyo ciidda. Sidaa darteed, si loo yareeyo khasaaraha ka dhasha cudurka, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la ogaado (oo ay ku jiraan tiro) isku-darka fangaska ku jira walxaha abuurka, ciidda, iniinyaha digriiga baradhada iyo iniinyaha yaanyada loo dhigay. Baadhista cilmiga ah ee carrada iyo walxaha dhirta waxaa lagu fulin karaa oo keliya joogitaanka microsclerotia, taas oo, si kastaba ha noqotee, sidoo kale laga helo noocyada kale ee fungi.
Calaamadaha ku yaal digriiga waxay aad ugu egyihiin qolofta lacagta ee uu keeno fangaska Helminthosporium solani. Gooni u gooska Colletotrichum coccodes iyo Helminthosporium solani oo loo galiyo dhaqan saafi ah ayaa ah mid aad u adag oo waqti dheer qaata sababtoo ah tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib tartiib ah. Si dhakhso leh loo aqoonsado coccodes-ka Colletotrichum, waa lagama maarmaan in la isticmaalo hababka ogaanshaha qalabka. Habka ugu habboon waa ficil-celinta silsiladda polymerase (PCR) iyo wax ka beddelkeeda - waqtiga dhabta ah PCR. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, nidaam tijaabo ah oo ay soo saareen cilmi baarayaasha Ingiriiska (Cullen et al., 2002) ee loogu talagalay gobolka ITS1 ee rDNA waxaa loo adeegsadaa Yurub iyo Mareykanka. Isticmaalkeedu wuxuu muujiyey natiijooyin wanaagsan falanqaynta go'doominta Ruushka (Belov et al, 2018). Si kastaba ha noqotee, C. coccodes waa mid aad u isbeddel badan isla markaana ogaashadiisa hal taxane DNA ah waxay u horseedi kartaa natiijooyin diidmo been ah. Baadhitaan lagu kalsoonaan karo, falanqaynta ayaa looga baahan yahay dhowr nooc oo noocyo gaar ah oo taxane ah oo DNA ah, taas oo la xiriirta taas oo aan soo saarnay nidaam tijaabo asal ah oo u oggolaanaya in lagu aqoonsado C. coccodes iyadoo la raacayo taxanaha hidda-wadaha glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Qalabka iyo hababka
Si loo qiimeeyo wax ku oolnimada iyo gaar ahaanta nidaamyada tijaabada ee la abuuray, waxaan adeegsanay dhaqammo saafi ah oo ka kooban 15 nooc oo fungi ah, oo ay ku go'doomiyeen qoraayaasha shaybaarka ay saameeyeen ee caleemaha iyo miraha yaanyada, digriiga baradhada (Shaxda 1). Go'doon ahaanta darteed, xubnaha dhirta ee leh astaamaha infekshanka fungal ayaa la qaaday, wax aan ka badnayn hal xubin halkii baadiya.
Cad yar oo tuber ah oo leh diir, cad yar oo miro yaanyo ah, iyo caleen ay saameysay ayaa la hoos galiyay mikroskoob-biyoodka, ka dib markii mycelium, spore, ama gabal unug ah loo wareejiyay agar dhexdhexaad ah (wort agar) oo ku jira saxanka Petri oo leh cirbad fiiqan oo fiiqan. Go'doominta ayaa lagu keydiyay agar slant ee tubooyinka tijaabada 4 ° C.
Muunado ka mid ah caleemaha yaanyo leh astaamaha cudurada fungal ee loogu talagalay falanqaynta isla marka la uruuriyo (berrinka) waxaa lagu meeleeyay 70% aalkolo ethyl ah oo lagu keydiyay illaa go'doomin DNA. Digriiga baradhada waxaa la geeyay shaybaarka, diiray (2 × 1 cm gabal) iyaga, lana qaboojiyay -20 ° С. Kaydso barafaysan ilaa go'doominta DNA.
Dhaqammada saafiga ah ee fangaska loogu talagalay go'doominta DNA ayaa ku koray dhexdhexaad digir dareere ah. Mycelium-ka fungus-ka ayaa laga saaray dareeraha dhexdhexaadka ah, waxaa lagu qalajiyey warqadda miiraha, waxaa lagu qaboojiyey nitrogen dareere ah, la is dhex geliyey, waxaa lagu shubay keydka CTAB, oo lagu nadiifiyey chloroform, waxaa lagu soo daadiyey isku dar ah isopropanol iyo 0.5 M potassium acetate, laba jeer ayaa lagu dhaqay 2% aalkolo. DNA-da soo baxday ayaa lagu kala diray biyo la gooyay oo lagu kaydiyey -70 ° С (Kutuzova et al., 20). Isku-uruurinta DNA waxaa lagu cabiray iyadoo la adeegsanayo xirmo tirakoob ah HS DNA oo loogu talagalay DNA-da laba-laaban ee Qubit 2017 (Qiagen, Jarmalka). Shaybaarada alkolada leh iyo kuwa la qaboojiyay waxaa lagu qooyay nitrogen dareere ah, ka dibna soo saarida DNA ayaa loo sameeyay sida kor lagu sharaxay (mycelium ee dhaqamada fungal saafiga ah).
Jadwalka 1. Asalka noocyada fangaska la isticmaalay
Magaca likaha | Dhir, xubin | Goobta xulashada |
---|---|---|
Colletotrichum coccodes 1, C. coccodes 2, C. coccodes 3, Ilyonectria crassa, Rhizoctonia solani | baradhada tuber | Gobolka Kostroma, digriiga baradhada ee jiilka 1aad ee beerta, beeca 'Scarlett' |
Colletotrichum coccodes 4 | caleen baradho | Ku celi Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola |
Helminthosporium Solani | baradhada tuber | Gobolka Magadan, pos. Teendhada, tuber baradho ah |
Cladosporium fulvum | caleen yaanyo | Gobolka Moscow, yaanyo waaweyn oo miro leh |
Tamaandhada Alternaria | miro yaanyo | ay ku wareejiyeen shaqaalaha sheybaarka mycology iyo phytopathology ee Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Ruushka oo dhan ee Ilaalinta Dhirta |
Fusarium verticillium, Phomopsisphaseoli, Alternaria alternata, Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus, Stemphylium vesicarium, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Acrodontium luzulae, Penicillium sp. | miro yaanyo | Territory-ka Krasnodar, degmada Krymsky, Fasalka Kreemka |
Fusarium oxysporum | xidid sarreen ah | Gobolka Moscow |
PCR waxaa lagu fuliyay qalabka wax lagu kordhiyo ee loo yaqaan DTprime (DNA-Technology). Wixii PCR, astaamaha asalka ah iyo baaritaanka noocyada gaarka ah ee glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase gen ayaa loo isticmaalay: horudhaca hore Coc70gdf –TCATGATATCATTTCTCTCACGGCA, hordhaca hore ee Coc280gdr - TACTTGAGCATGTAGGCCTGGGT1. Astaamuhu wuxuu xoojinayaa gobol 213 bp ah.
Falcelintu waxay qaadatay 50 ng wadarta DNA-da (falanqaynta caleemaha iyo digriiga) iyo 10 ng (falanqaynta DNAda dhaqamada saafiga ah ee fungi). Isku darka falcelinta (35 μl) waxaa loo kala saaray lakab paraffin ah laba qaybood: midka hoose (20 μl) wuxuu ka kooban yahay 2 ofl oo ah 10 × falcelin kayd (750 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.8; 200 mM (NH4) 2SO4; 25 mM MgCl2; 0.1% Tween- 20), 0.5 mM kasta oo deoxynucleotide triphosphate ah, 7 pmol oo hordhac kasta ah, iyo 4 pmol oo ah baaritaanka dhaadheer ee hawo-biyoodka; midka kore wuxuu ka koobnaa 1 μl oo 10 × PCR ah iyo 1 U ee Taq polymerase.
Kala saarida isku darka leh paraffin waxay u oggolaaneysaa tuubooyinka in lagu keydiyo muddo dheer heerkul ah 5 ° C iyo inay siiyaan bilow kulul PCR ka dib markay kululeeyaan 10 daqiiqo heerkul ka sarreeya 80 ° C. PCR waxaa loo sameeyay sida ku xusan barnaamijka soo socda: 94.0 ° C - 90 s (1 wareeg); 94.0 ° C - 30 s; 64.0 ° C - 15 s (5 wareeg); 94.0 ° C - 10 s; 64.0 ° C - 15 s (45 wareeg); 10.0 ° C - kaydinta
Natiijooyinka iyo dood
Taxanayaasha hiddo-wadaha glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase waxaa lagu go’aamiyay 45 nooc oo laga soocay caleemaha, jirridaha, digriiga baradhada, iyo miraha yaanyada (Kutuzova, 2018) ee gobollada kala duwan ee Ruushka. Jadwalka daraasadaha ee dhammaan noocyada waxaa loo qaybiyay 2 koox oo ku kala duwan laba nukleotides. Isku xigxiga Nucleotide ee wakiilada labada koox ee ku hoosjira lambarrada KY496634 iyo KY496635 waxaa lagu keydin doonaa GenBank.
Waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee loo yaqaan 'coc70gdf', coc280gdr iyo baaritaanka cocgdz ee loogu talagalay aasaaskooda ayaa lagu hubiyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo barnaamijka BLAST (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast) dhammaan taxanaha taxanaha glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase ee noocyada genus Colletotrichum iyo noolaha kale ee laga heli karo keydka xogta GenBank.
Lama helin gobollo DNA ah oo nooleyaal kale oo si heer sare ah ula mid ah astaamaha iyo baaritaanka lama helin.
Xasaasiyadda nidaamka baaritaanka waxaa lagu hubiyey iyadoo la adeegsanayo shaybaarro leh cufnaanta kala duwan ee C. coccodes DNA, DNA-da caleen baradho uu ku dhacay cudurka anthracnose (oo lagu soo ururiyey 2017-ka Mari El, noocyo kala duwan oo Red Scarlett ah), iyo diirka digriiga ee ay saameysay barta madow (oo lagu soo ururiyey gobolka Kostroma, noocyo kala duwan oo Casaan ah, Shaxda 2). Si loo xaqiijiyo jiritaanka DNA ee digriiga iyo caleemaha baradhada, C. coccodes noocyada ayaa laga soocaa iyaga dhaqammo saafi ah.
Natiijooyinka falanqaynta xasaasiga ah ee nidaamka baaritaanka waxay muujinayaan in loo adeegsan karo si guul leh loogu ogaado jiritaanka C. coccodes DNA ee muunad haddii wadarta guud ee isku-darka PCR ay ka badan tahay 0.05 ng. Tani way ku filan tahay in la ogaado, maaddaama hal sclerotia uu ka kooban yahay celcelis ahaan 0.131 ng, hal sporena waxaa ku jira qiyaastii 0.04 ng oo DNA ah (Cullen et al., 2002). Nidaamka tijaabada ee ay soo saareen kooxda Ingriiska (Cullen et al., 2002) wuxuu muujiyay dareen la mid ah (wareegga marinka 34 ee 0.05 ng DNA iyo 37 at 0.005 ng).
Falanqaynta shaybaarka dabiiciga ah ee ay kujiraan C. coccodes kiisaska oo dhan waxay suurta galisay in si kalsooni leh loo muujiyo jiritaankeeda muunada (Shaxda 2). Qaabka la soo jeediyay ee go'doominta DNA sidoo kale wuxuu khuseeyay falanqaynta shaybaarka dhirta dabiiciga ah.
Jadwalka 2. Go'aaminta xasaasiyadda nidaamka imtixaanka la soo jeediyey ee lagu aqoonsanayo isku-duubnaanta 'Colletotrichum coccodes' ee waqtiga dhabta ah PCR
Obrazets | Qaddarka DNA ee muunadda *, ng | Wareegga marinka | C. ogaanshaha coccodes |
---|---|---|---|
Mycelium Colletotrichum coccodes | 50 | 21.3 | + |
5 | 25.7 | + | |
0.5 | 29,7 | + | |
0.05 | 33.5 | + | |
0.005 | 40 | - | |
0.0005 | 42.8 | - | |
0.00005 | - | ||
Diirka Tuber 1 | 50 | 32 | + |
Diirka Tuber 2 | 50 | 30 | + |
Diirka Tuber 3 | 50 | 31.5 | + |
Caleen baradho ah | 50 | 29.5 | + |
Fiiro gaar ah. * Isku dar ah alaabada PCR.
Qeexida nidaamka baaritaanka waxaa lagu tijaabiyay shaybaarada DNA ee laga soo saaray 15 nooc oo fungi ah. Dhammaan noocyada fangaska ayaa qoraayaashu ka sooceen miraha ay saameeyeen iyo kuwa caafimaadka qaba iyo caleemaha yaanyo, digriiga baradhada; hal nooc ayaa laga soocay xididka sarreenka (Jadwalka 1). Kuwa ka go'doonsan dusha midhaha, sidoo kale waxaa jira noocyo aan cudur u lahayn yaanyada (tusaale ahaan, Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus).
Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in C. coccodes DNA laga helay wareegga ugu horreeya ee 20-27, halka noocyada kale ee fangas aan la ogaan ama la siinin calaamadda kadib wareegga 40, taas oo loo aanayn karo sawaxanka qaylada aan caadiga ahayn (Shaxda 3).
Shaxda 3. Hubinta nidaamka baaritaanka noocyada kala duwan ee boqoshaada
Magaca likaha | Wareegga marinka |
Koronto-wadaag 1 | 20.9 |
C. kookad 2 | 22.6 |
C. kookad 3 | 23 |
C. kookad 4 | 22 |
Fusarium oxysporum | > 40 |
F. verticalillium | > 40 |
Rhizoctonia Solani | > 40 |
Phomopsis phaseoli | > 40 |
Alternaria alternata | > 40 |
A. tomatophila | > 40 |
Helminthosporium Solani | > 40 |
Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus | > 40 |
Stemphylium vesicarium | > 40 |
Ilyoonectria crassa | > 40 |
Cladosporium cladosporioides | > 40 |
C. fulvum | > 40 |
Acrodontium luzulae | > 40 |
penicillium sp. | > 40 |
Fiiro gaar ah. * Qaddarka DNA-da ee dhammaan tijaabooyinka wuxuu ahaa 10 ng.
Nidaamka tijaabada ee horumarsan ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu aqoonsado C. coccodes ee muunadyada caleen yaanyo leh astaamaha cudurka necrotrophic pathogens iyo digriiga baradhada abuur aan laheyn astaamo muuqda. Daraasadda, waxaan soo qaadnay digriiga abuurka ee noocyo kala duwan oo ku koray gobollada Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga, Nizhny Novgorod. Jiritaanka C. coccodes DNA waxaa loo arkaa mid lagu kalsoonaan karo shay-baarka, falanqaynta taas oo wareegga marinku uusan ka badnayn 35. Qiimahan marinka waxaa lagu xushay iyadoo lagu saleynayo go'aaminta lagu kalsoonaan karo ee ah 0.05 ng ee C. coccodes DNA (marinka marinka 33.5, Jadwalka 2) iyo xaqiiqda ah in wareegyada marinka kor ku xusan ee ka sarreeya 40, DNA aan qeexnayn oo ka mid ah noocyada kale ee fungi laga helay. Qaabkan, joogitaanka weyn ee C. coccodes DNA waxaa lagu ogaadey 5 muunad oo digriiga ah oo kubaxey Kostroma, Moscow, gobolada Kaluga iyo hal caleen yaanyo ah oo laga keenay degmada Yeisk ee gobolka Krasnodar (Shaxan 4, 5).
Jadwalka 4. Ogaanshaha coccodes-ka Colletotrichum ee digriiga baradhada *
Lambarka Muunada | Baradho kala duwan | Meel koraya | C. ogaanshaha coccodes | Wareegga marinka |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Casaan Casaan ah | Gobolka Kostroma | + | 35 |
2 | + | 35 | ||
3 | - | 38 | ||
4 | Sante | Gobolka Moscow | + | 34 |
5 | - | |||
6 | - | 41 | ||
7 | - | 41.8 | ||
8 | + | 30 | ||
9 | Zhukovsky goor hore | Gobolka Moscow | - | 40.5 |
10 | - | 40.6 | ||
11 | - | |||
12 | Molly | Gobolka Kaluga | + | 34.3 |
13 | - | 38.4 | ||
14 | Fantasy | Gobolka Kaluga | - | |
15 | Gala | Gobolka Nizhny Novgorod. | - | |
16 | - |
Fiiro gaar ah. * Qaddarka DNA-da ee dhammaan tijaabooyinka wuxuu ahaa 50 ng.
Shaxda 5. Ogaanshaha coccodes-ka Colletotrichum ee caleemaha yaanyada *
Lambarka Muunada | Meel koraya | C. ogaanshaha coccodes | Wareegga marinka |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Gobolka Krasnodar, Degmada Crimean | - | |
2 | - | ||
3 | - | ||
4 | - | 45 | |
5 | - | ||
6 | - | ||
7 | - | ||
8 | - | ||
9 | Gobolka Krasnodar, Degmada Yeisk | - | 39.2 |
10 | - | 40.8 | |
11 | - | ||
12 | - | 41.6 | |
13 | - | 40 | |
14 | - | 41 | |
15 | - | 41.9 | |
16 | - | ||
17 | - | ||
18 | - | 40.3 | |
19 | - | ||
20 | - | ||
21 | + | 34.5 | |
22 | - | ||
23 | - |
* Qaddarka DNA ee dhammaan shay-baarka wuxuu ahaa 50 ng.
Nidaamka tijaabada ee aan abuurnay ma ahan mid ka liita kan ay soo saareen cilmi baarayaasha Ingiriiska (Cullen et al., 2002) xasaasiyad iyo gaar ahaaneed waxayna ku habboon tahay falanqaynta shaybaarka dhirta. Codsigeeda falanqaynta digriiga abuurka ayaa suurta galisay in la aqoonsado C. coccodes DNA ee digriiga iyada oo aan lahayn calaamado dibadeed oo waxyeelo ah iyo in si guul leh loo lafaguro cudurka caleemaha.
Ilaa hadda, ma jiro falanqeyn ku saabsan digriiga baradhada ee ku dhaca cudurka C. coccodes laguma sameynin Ruushka. Daraasaddeenii ugu horreysay waxay muujisay in 16-kii digrii ee abuurka ah ee la tijaabiyay ee ku koray gobollo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Ruushka, 5 ay ku jiraan C. coccodes. Tani waxay muujineysaa in barta madow ee digriiga baradhada ay tahay cudur baradho ku badan oo ka dhaca Ruushka, doorka ay ku leedahay yareynta mugga iyo tayada dalagga baradhada waa la dhayalsaday.
Falanqaynta caleemaha yaanyada ayaa shaaca ka qaaday jiritaanka weyn ee C. coccodes DNA hal caleen oo laga keenay degmada Yeisk ee Krasnodar Territory. Horaantii, markii la baarayay beeraha yaanyada ee koonfurta Ruushka iyadoo la adeegsanayo nidaamka baaritaanka Ingiriiska (Cullen et al., 2002), caleemo ay ku jiraan C. coccode ayaa laga helay, meelaha qaarna waxaa laga helay qayb aad u sareysa oo caleemo qaba cudurka C. coccodes (Belov et al., 2018). Gobollada Krasnodar iyo Primorsky, ee Gobolka Moscow, waxaan ka helnay miro yaanyo ah, oo aan ka gaarinay inaan ka faquuqno dhaqammada saafiga ah ee C. coccodes. Waxaa macquul ah in C. coccodes uu aad ugu faafayo yaanyada Ruushka marka loo eego sida hada la aaminsan yahay, waxyeeladiisa sidoo kale waa la dhayalsan karaa.
Sidaa darteed, illaa maanta, macluumaad ku filan ayaa lagu uruuriyay baahinta ballaaran ee C. coccodes ee baradhada iyo yaanyada.
Si si fiican loo fahmo doorka ay fangaskani ku leeyihiin horumarinta cudurrada baradhada iyo yaanyada, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in lala socdo baahsanaantooda Ruushka, la darsado doorka carrada iyo caabuqyada abuurka, iyo doorka barta madow ee qasaaraha inta lagu jiro keydinta. Isticmaalka baaritaanka cudurka PCR wuxuu si weyn u fududeyn karaa shaqadan, isla markaana isku mar loo wada adeegsadaa labada nidaam ee imtixaanku wuxuu si weyn u kordhin doonaa saxnaanta falanqaynta.
Shaqadan waxaa taageeray deeq ka timid Aasaaska Sayniska Ruushka No. 18-76-00009.
Maqaalka waxaa lagu daabacay joornaalka "Mycology and Phytopathology" (mugga 54, No. 1, 2020).