Dhulka Jamhuuriyadda: 25 679 km2.
Tirada dadka: 1 506 446 qof, oo 78,98% ka mid ahi ay deggan yihiin magaalada.
Juquraafi ahaan juquraafi ahaan: gobolku wuxuu ku yaal bartamaha Beerta Bariga Yurub. Xuduudaha: koonfurta iyo koonfur-bari - oo leh gobolka Lipetsk, koonfur-galbeed - oo leh gobolka Oryol, galbeedka iyo waqooyi-galbeed - oo leh gobolka Kaluga, waqooyiga iyo waqooyi-bari - oo leh gobolka Moscow, bariga - gobolka Ryazan ...
Cimilada: heer dhexaad dhexdhexaad ah, oo lagu garto qabow qabow iyo xagaa diiran. Celceliska heerkulka sanadlaha ahi wuxuu u dhexeeyaa +4 ilaa + 5 digrii. Celceliska heerkulka bisha Janaayo waa laga bilaabo -9 illaa -12 digrii, bisha Luulyo laga bilaabo + 18 illaa +22 darajo. Muddada xilliga kuleylka leh waa 220-225 maalmood. Roobab ka da'ay gobolka dhexdiisa ayaa si siman loo qaybiyey. Intooda badani waxay ku sugan yihiin gobollada waqooyi-galbeed (575 mm), kuwa yaryar - gobollada koonfur-bari (470 mm). Seddex meelood meel dhammaan roobabka gobolka waxaa la diiwaangeliyaa bilaha xagaaga, badiyaa bisha Luulyo. Xilliga dhaxan-la'aanta, 70% roobabka sannadlaha ah ayaa dhaca. Dhamaadka jiilaalka, dhumucda daboolka barafka wuxuu gaarayaa 0,3-0,7 m, carradu waxay barafoobaan qoto dheer 0,6-0,9 m.
Relief: guri siman oo deggan. Foomamka dusha sare ee halkan waa dooxooyinka webiyada iyo balliyada.
Ciidda: soddy-podzolic oo ku taal waqooyi-galbeed, carradu kaymo cawl ah oo ku yaal qaybta dhexe, kharnozems-ka koonfureed oo la xaalufiyey oo liqay.
Dhul beereed: 1740 kun oo ha ama 68% wadarta guud ee gobolka. Dhulka Carable waxa ku nool 1465 kun oo ha (84% dhul beereed).
Joornaalka "Nidaamka baradhada" ayaa horay uga hadlay horumarinta baradho baradho ah oo ku soo kordha gobolka Tula, laakiin waxay soo noqotay 2009. Kadib waxaan wax ka qorey soo nooleynta warshadaha ee gobolka. Maanta, gobolka Tula si kalsooni leh ayuu uga mid yahay hoggaamiyeyaasha soosaarka baradho ee Ruushka, beeraha ugu weyn ee Tula ayaa heysta khadadka hoggaamineed marka loo eego goosashada guud iyo waxsoosaarka, waxaana hubnaa in khibraddoodu ay xiiso u leedahay dhammaan beeraleyda baradhada ee Ruushka.
Kordhinta Baradhadu waa mid ka mid ah jihooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee dhirtu ka baxdo gobolka Tula, horumarkiisa waxaa sahlaya isu socodka gaadiidka caasimada, xaaladaha beero-iyo-dhul iyo ciida.
Badeecadaha lagu beero beeraha Tula waxay had iyo jeer u baahnaayeen oo keliya maaha Moscow, laakiin sidoo kale gobollada kale ee dalka. Laakiin waqtiyada perestroika waxay la qabsatay qorshooyinka soosaarayaasha beeraha Tula: aaga waa la yareeyay sanad ilaa sanadka, tikniyoolajiyada wax soo saarka ayaa la jebiyey. Natiijo ahaan, natiijooyinka ayaa yaraaday. Ka mid ah wax soo saareyaasha mudada dheer waxay ku nagaadeen beeraha gaarka loo leeyahay iyo degganeyaasha xagaaga.
Laakiin sannadihii la soo dhaafay, xaaladda warshadaha baradhada ayaa si weyn isu beddeshay. Dhulka ku yaal baradhada ayaa kordhay 50 hektar, halka saamiyada ururada beeraha iyo beeroleyda (beeralayda) ay si aad ah u kordheen. Maanta, dhulka ka hooseeya baradhada noocyadan beero ayaa gaadhay ku dhawaad 20 kun oo hektar. Isla mar ahaantaana, in kabadan rubuc beerood baradho ah ayaa ku qalabeysan dhir waraab oo casri ah, teknolojiyadda wax soo saarka ayaa la wanaajiyay, iyo beeraha gobolka ee ku takhasusay beerista baradhada abuurku way sii xoogaysteen.
Sannadkii 2015, in ka badan hal milyan oo tan oo baradho ah ayaa laga soo goostay beeraha Tula. Mahadsanid tilmaantan, gobolka Tula wuxuu kusii xoogeystay kaalinta seddexaad ee Bartamaha Dhexe ee Federaalka, halka gobolku uu kaalinta koowaad ka galay koritaanka waxsoosaarka. Dalagyada baradhada ee sanadka 2015 ayaa ah mid ka diiwaan gashan gobolka Tula 20-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay.
Tabaruca ugu weyn ee dalagga wadarta ah waxaa sameeyay Maxim Gorky LLC (dhalmo u dhiganta 423 centi halkii hektar), Kimovskiye Prostory LLC (380 centi halkii hektar), Manuk Avetisyan beerta beero (350 cent cent hektar), Bogoroditsky Alliance LLC (295 kg / ha).
Xaaladaha cimilada ee xun, oo inta badan soo ifbaxa xilliga lagu jiro bislaada baradhada, waxay gacan ka geystaan kala-guurka milkiilayaasha baradhada Tula ee tikniyoolajiyadda dhirta ee casriga ah iyo soo-saarista nidaamyada waraabka. Tula tuulooyinka waxay door bidaan noocyo wax soo saar aad u sareeya iyo Beeroodkaba labadaba xulasho gudaha iyo dibedda ah, tusaale ahaan Holandees.
Soosaarayaasha waaweyn ee baradhada waxay leeyihiin xarumo aasaasi ah oo heer sare ah oo ka shaqeeya beerahooda. Tani waxay noo ogolaaneysaa inaan siino "rootiga labaad" silsiladaha tafaariiqda waaweyn, oo la dhaqay oo la baakadeeyay, oo lagu qanco baahida macaamiisha aadka u baahan.
Baradhadu ee soosaarayaasha Tula waxay leeyihiin juquraafi ahaan ballaaran iibka. Waxay u baahan tahay Moscow iyo gobolka Moscow, Krasnodar iyo Volgograd, Saratov iyo Nizhny Novgorod, Tver iyo Bryansk, Lipetsk iyo Samara, Ryazan iyo St. Petersburg, Rostov iyo Perm, iyo sidoo kale gobollada kale ee dalka.
Soosaaraha ugu weyn ee gobolka, LLC Maxim Gorky, ayaa baradhada soosaaray ka dhigta gubasho baradhada. Alaabtan waxaa la siiyaa gobollada kala duwan ee dalka, iyo sidoo kale Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, iyo sidoo kale Poland, Chile iyo Shiinaha.
Haddii aan kahadalno taageerada gobolka ee beeroleyda baradhada, markaa waa la heli karaa dhammaan talaabooyinka la siiyo soosaarayaasha kale ee beeraha. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah: taageerada aan la xiriirin wax-soo-saarka dalagga halkii hektar ee dhul beereed, magdhow qayb ka mid ah qiimaha iibsashada abuurka miraha, dulsaarka deynta muddada-gaaban iyo amaah maalgashiga, taageerada caymiska beeraha.
Intaas waxaa sii dheer, dowlad goboleedka waxay diyaar u tahay inay horumariso soona bandhigto dhaqamo cusub oo lagu taageerayo beeraha hindisaha ee warshadan. Waxa ugu muhiimsan waa in natiijo la helo! Oo isaguba wuu jiraa. Maaha wax aan waxba ka jirin in guulaha beeraleyda Tula ee baradho koraya ay ku xustay Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Federaalka shirkii All-Russia Agronomical Conference ee la qabtay Janaayo 27, 2016.
Maxim Gorky LLC
Beertu waxay ku takhasustay soo-saarka baradhada in ka badan 15 sano. Waa qayb ka mid ah Shirkadda Qaranka ee Dhulka.
Sannadkii 2011, shirkaddu waxay furtay aqoon-isweydaarsi baradhada baradho ah. Awoodda jirta ayaa suurta-gal ka dhigaysa in la soo saaro qiyaastii 800 tan oo dalag ah bishii, qiyaastii 7 kun oo tan sanadkii.
Wax soo saarka beeraha waxaa loosiiyaa Belarus, Kazakhstan, Poland, China, Israel.
Maanta, waxqabadka ugu weyn ee Maxim Gorky LLC waa:
- Baradhada iyo soosaarka hadhuudhka;
- Dhaqitaanka baradhada iyo baakadaha;
- Karsanaanta baradhada.
Shirkaddu waxay ku hawlan tahay qiyaastii 50 kun hektar oo dhul ah (qayb ka mid ah aagga waxay ku taalaa gobollada Bryansk iyo Kaluga), qayb weyn oo baradho ah ayaa lagu koray iyadoo la adeegsanayo qalabka waraabka. Beerku wuxuu leeyahay isku-dhafka ugu weyn ee Russia leh 130 kun oo tan oo loogu talagalay kaydinta baradhada.
KHUDBADKA FARSAMADA "ZHAK" (CUTUBKA KFH MANUK ZHULYEVICH AVETISYAN)
Beerta waxaa la aasaasay 2004. Dabadeed 40 hektar oo dhul beereed ah ayaa loo xilsaaray, maanta dhulka dhulku waa 11 hektar. Aagga ahmiyada ugu weyn laga leeyahay shaqada dhaqaaluhu waa abuurida baradhada (cuntada iyo abuur). Noocyada ugu waaweyn: Gala, Impala, Zhukovsky, Colette, Natasha, Labella, Picasso, Red Scarlett, Roco, Romano, Sante, Luck.
Sanadkii 2015, beeruhu waxay xireen dhul-biyood casri ah, oo ah kan ugu weyn gobolka, oo leh dhul lagu waraabiyo 1100 hektar.
Baradhada ka sokow, beertu waxay soo saartaa kaabash, xididdo, badar, caano iyo hilib. Qiyaasta waxsoosaarka sanadlaha ah waa 90 kun oo tan oo baradho ah, 10 kun oo tan oo dalag dalag ah, 6 kun tan oo caano ah, 200 tan oo hilib ah. Wax soo saarka beeraha waxaa ka shaqeeya ilaa 200 oo shaqaale ah. Qiyaastii 70% mugga wax soo saar ayaa lagu keydiyaa xarumaheenna keydinta. Bakhaarada waxaa lagu qalabeeyay qalab casri ah oo casri ah oo wax soo saar yurub ah, oo ay kujirto qalab baako otomaatig ah leh. Inta badan baradhada miiska waxaa la siiyaa dukaamada silsiladda leh.
LLC "BOGORODITSKY Alliance"
Shirkadda waxaa la aasaasay 2008 iyadoo lagu saleynayay laba beerood: SPK "Voskhod" iyo "iyaga. Lenin "isla markaana laga bilaabo waqtigaas wuxuu qayb ka yahay Kooxda Malino ee Shirkadaha. Goobta lagu beeray sanadkii ugu horreeyay waxay ahayd 3400 ha. Laga soo bilaabo 2009, iyada oo la kaashanayo haysashada Malino beeraha, oo ay weheliso Frito Lay Manufacturing, oo soo saarta Chips-ka Lay, beerta waxay ku beertay 130 hektar oo baradhada baradhada ah noocyada soo socda: Lady Claire, Lady Rosetta, Hermes, Saturn. Laga bilaabo waqtigaas wixii ka dambeeyay, baradhadu waxay noqotay dalagga ugu muhiimsan ee beerta.
Sannadkii 2011, aagga baradho baradho ayaa kordhay 430 ha, tirada noocyada loo beero ayaa kordhay.
Sannadkii 2014, beerta waxaa loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha warshadaha baradhada cagaaran, soosaarista 70% wadarta mugga baradhada abuur ee lagu beero gobolka Tula. Guga ee 2014, shirkadda waxay siisay baradhada abuur illaa 60 beero waaweyn iyo kuwo yaryar oo ku baahsan dalka oo dhan laga bilaabo koonfurta ilaa Buuraha Ural.
Sannadkii 2015, sagaal bakhaarro baradho ah oo ku rakiban nidaamka hawo-mareenka sare, unugyada qaboojiyaha, iyo nidaam kontarool otomaatig ah ayaa laga dhisay dhulka beerta.
Maanta, dhul isku-darka dhul-beereedka ayaa gaaraya 7000 hektar. Beertu waxay ku takhasustay abuurista baradhada abuur wanaagsan, badar iyo saliid.
Sanadka 2016, beertu waxay diiradda saari doontaa koritaanka noocyada baradhada abuur Dutch iyo Jarmal: Red Scarlett, Impala, Gala, Nevsky, Vega, Molly, Picasso, Riviera, Sifra, Roco, Innovator, Hermes, Lady Claire, Newton, Lady Rosetta, Colomba iyo jaceylka.
LLC "KIMOVSKY SPACES"
Waxa la aasaasay 2007. Beertu waa qayb hoosaad qaab dhismeed ka kooban Malino Group of Companies. Hawsha ugu weyn waa wax soo saarka dalagga. Cowska dabiiciga ah ee nadiifka ah, 280 km u jira Moscow, beerta waxay soo saartaa sarreen jiilaal iyo guga, baruur iyo quudin shaciir, kufsi, soybeans, karootada iyo baradhada (Hermes, Courage, Lady Claire, Lady Rosetta, Sabtina noocyada). Shirkadu waxay beerataa lix kun oo hektar oo dhul ah.
Fiiro gaar ah "Kimovskie meelaha bannaan" waxaa la siiyaa sii kordhaya jajabyada baradhada. Dhul baaxaddiisu tahay 400 oo hektar ayaa loo qoondeeyay. Goobtan, qalabka waraabka ayaa la isticmaalaa.
Beertu waxay leedahay guryo bakhaar oo casri ah oo kuu oggolaanaya inaad kaydiso 80% waxsoosaarka la soo saaray, iyo sidoo kale xarun logistics oo ku qalabeysan khadh lagu maydho, la miro-xafilayo oo lagu xareynayo karootada iyo baradho. Shirkadu waxay dhoofin kartaa ilaa 180 tan oo alaab ah maalin kasta.
Inta badan baradho la soo saaray ayaa la gaarsiiyay warshadda chiashi ee Kashirsky Frito Lay Production (50%).
Qalabka ay diyaarisay Wasaaradda Beeraha ee gobolka Tula