Anastasia Borovkova, Omia Ural LLC, Maareeyaha Horumarinta Agribusiness
Baradhadu waxay muddo dheer noqdeen dalagga istiraatiijiga ah ee dalkeena, kaas oo lagu koray ku dhawaad dhammaan gobollada Ruushka, iyo isbeddelka nolosha bulshada oo dhan ee la xidhiidha masiibada ayaa mar kale xaqiijisay baahida loo qabo "roodhida labaad" ee dadka. . Wax nasiib ah maaha in Qu Dongyu, Agaasimaha Guud ee Hay’adda Cunnada iyo Beeraha ee Qaramada Midoobay (FAO), uu ku dhawaaqay in 2021 uu noqon doono sannadka caalamiga ah ee khudradda iyo khudradda, si in lagu wacyigaliyo muhiimada ay alaabooyinkani u leeyihiin nafaqaynta, sugnaanta cuntada iyo caafimaadka.
Iyadoo taasi jirto, Ruushka waxaa jira u janjeera in la yareeyo aagga beerashada. Sida laga soo xigtay Rosstat, aagga beerashada baradhada ee qaybta warshadaha ee baradhada ee ka baxa Russia sanadka 2020 ee beeraha dhammaan qaybaha ayaa gaadhay 280,9 kun hektar, taas oo ah 8,0% (24,4 kun hektar) in ka yar 2019. In ka badan 5 sano, waxay hoos u dhacay 22,1% (79,7 kun hektar), in ka badan 10 sano by - 21,5% (by 77,0 kun hektar). Wax-soo-saarka, dhanka kale, si joogto ah ayuu u korayay wuxuuna kordhay 10kii sano ee la soo dhaafay min 13,6 t/ha ilaa 24,4 t/ha. Tani waxay suurtogal noqotay kororka dhaqanka tignoolajiyada beeraha ee beeraha, oo ay ku jirto kororka isticmaalka bacriminta macdanta.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, wax soo saarka gudaha waxay soo saaraan in ka badan 60 nooc oo bacrin ah. 2021, sida laga soo xigtay Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Ruushka, iibsashada bacriminta macdanta ayaa la saadaaliyay heerka 4 milyan oo tan oo saliid shidaal ah, taas oo 14% ka badan sannadkii hore.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, had iyo jeer maaha in lagu daro wax badan ayaa ka wanaagsan, maadaama ay jiraan xaalado xaddidan oo loogu talagalay isticmaalka waxtarka leh ee bacriminta iyo tan, marka ugu horeysa, waa acidity hooseeya ee ciidda, taas oo si weyn u yaraynaysa heerka nuugista nafaqooyinka dhirta (Shaxda 1. ).
Jadwalka 1
Heerka nuugista nafaqo ee ku xiran pH ciidda
NS | 4,5 | 5 | 5,5 | 6 | 6,5 |
N | 30 | 43 | 77 | 89 | 100 |
P2O5 | 23 | 31 | 48 | 52 | 100 |
K2O | 33 | 52 | 77 | 100 | 100 |
Xigasho: Omia White book
Xaaladahan oo kale, ma aha oo kaliya waxtarka agronomic ee codsiga bacriminta ayaa lumay, laakiin sidoo kale khasaaraha dhaqaale. Aynu xisaabino, anagoo adeegsanayna tusaale ahaan baradhada miiska, qasaaraha hektarkiiba ayaa la filayaa pH 5,5 iyo celceliska aagga ee N120 P100 K240.
Xisaabinta waxaa loo fuliyaa si waafaqsan formula:
qiimaha bacriminta | Х | qiyaasta bacriminta | Х | (100 - la mid ahaanshaha pH la bixiyay) | = | khasaaraha Rubles / ha |
Nitrojiin (ammonium nitrate)
Khasaaraha Rubles / ha = 13000 * 0,296 * (100-77) = 885,0 rubles / ha
Fosfooraska (ammophos)
Khasaaraha Rubles / ha = 26450 * 0,192 * (100-48) = 2640,7 rubles / ha
Potassium (sida chloride potassium)
Khasaaraha Rubles / ha = 18000 * 0,4 * (100-80) = 1440 rubles / ha
Wadarta guud: 4965,7 rubles / ha
Xisaabinta, ma qaadaneyno khasaaraha ka imaanaya la'aanta ah ee nafaqada calcium on carradu acidic, kuwaas oo lagu muujiyay yaraanta dalagyada iyo in ay sii xumaanayso tayada digriiga: u nuglaansho weyn in dhaawac inta lagu guda jiro goosashada, hollowness iyo bannaan ee digriiga, dildilaaca, diirka daciif ah, iwm, laakiin waxaas oo dhan si weyn u saameeyaa qiimaha alaabta la dhammeeyey.
Waxaa jira dariiq looga baxo - tani waa ciribtirka carrada, taas oo hadda si weyn looga dareemayo heer gobol. Dhibaatooyinka liming dhaqameed ayaa loo yaqaan qof walba: heerarka sare ee codsiyada (5-10 t / ha) waxay sameeyaan farsamadan mid adag oo qaali ah, tignoolajiyada codsiga iyo isku-dhafka qaybinta ayaa hooseeya, saameynta ugu badan ayaa la arkay laba sano ka dib ka dibna si tartiib ah hoos u dhacaya. tayada alaabta lime ee hadda jirta ayaa iyaduna liidata.
Wax soo saar cusub ayaa ka soo muuqday suuqa Ruushka kaas oo si dhakhso ah oo hufan u xallin kara dhibaatada. Tani waa Omya Calcipril® - Bacriminta calcium ee nafaqeynta iyo dib-u-soo-celinta ciidda ee qaab granular habboon. Qaybaha ultrafine ee aadka u firfircoon ayaa si wax ku ool ah u nidaamiya pH waxayna keenaan jawaab celin dalag ah oo degdeg ah. Keligiis ama lagu daro bacriminta kale ee Omya Calcipril® la marsado beero ka hor, inta lagu guda jiro beeridda ama dhirta daaqsinka ah. Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa ka dib markii dhaqameed dhaqameed, ka hor bilawga saamaynta lime, sida bacriminta degdega ah ee isbeddelaya pH ee 3-4 toddobaad ka dib codsiga, iyo ka dib bilawga saamaynta, sida wakiilka taageerada.
Faa'iidooyinka ugu waaweyn:
Codsiga hooseeya laga bilaabo 250 ilaa 1000 kg / ha
Xaqiijinta nuugista ugu badan iyo ka faa'iidaysiga bacriminta muhiimka ah
Dhexdhexaadinta aagagga ballaaran ayaa mahad leh dusha sare ee xiriirka weyn
Hagaajinta dhismaha ciidda, porosity iyo caabbinta biyaha
Yaraynta waxyaabaha ku jira foomamka sunta ah ee aluminium ee ciidda
Fududeynta codsiga leh faafiyaasha caadiga ah.
Haddaba, adeegsiga hababka casriga ah ee lagu xakameynayo aysidhka ciidda iyo nidaamka nafaqeynta ee baradhada waxay gacan ka geysan doontaa kororka joogtada ah ee wax-soo-saarka iyo tayada badeecada.
Iidheh ahaan