Muddada laga bilaabo dayrta 2021 ilaa bilowga xagaaga 2022 waxay hoos ugu dhacday taariikhda warshadaha sida wakhtiga baradhada qaaliga ah; waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu guulaha badan soosaarayaasha wax soo saarka miiska waxayna aad ugu adagtahay warshadaha. Ka-qaybgalayaasha suuqa ka-shaqaynta waxay qiimeeyaan xilliga hadda inuu yahay mid deggan, laakiin macneheedu maaha dhibaato.
Dhibaatadan qayb libaax ka qaadatay ayaa waxaa sabab u ahaa dayrta roobka, taasoo si weyn u kordhisay xilliga wax soo goynta inta badan gobollada. "Waxaan ka shaqeynayay beeraha muddo dheer, laakiin ma xasuusto sannad kale oo baradhada la goostay ka hor dhammaadka Noofembar," ayuu yiri Alexander Shatalov, agaasimaha guud ee beeraha Bryansk "Melensky Potato", "in kasta oo ay jiraan dhammaan dadaalka la sameeyay, qaar ka mid ah alaabooyinka ayaa ku haray garoonka, tani waa 181 hektar."
Nadiifinta xilliga qaboobaha ma saameyn karto tayada alaabta. "Waxaan ku dhameeynay shaqada heerkul ah +1 ° C, mana ahan +10 ° C, sida lagu taliyey," ayuu yiri Alexander Shatalov, "Natiijo ahaan, qaar ka mid ah alaabooyinka (noocyada chips) ayaa ka sarreeya heerarka sonkorta. Hadda baradhadu waxay ku jiraan kaydinta, si tartiib tartiib ah ayey u kululaanayaan, sonkorta ku jirta ayaa hoos u dhacaysa, laakiin hawshu si tartiib tartiib ah ayey u socotaa."
Beerta Vesta Tambov, waxay ku guulaysteen inay si buuxda u goostaan baradhada, laakiin tayada qaybaha qaar ayaa soo gaadhay. "Waxay dhacday in sanadkan aan qodnay noocyada si loo farsameeyo ugu dambeyntii," ayuu yiri agaasime ku xigeenka shirkadda Viktor Solenkov, "goosashada ayaa la dhammeeyey barafka hoostiisa, 5-8 boqolkiiba mugga ayaa la qaboojiyey. Haddii aan ka hadlayno baradhada alaabada, ma taaban lahayn meeshan: alaabtan oo kale lama kaydin karo. Laakiin way naga qaadeen si aanu u farsamayno, inkasta oo ay wax yar ka dhimeen qiimihii wax lagu iibsanayay, aad baanu uga mahad-naqaynaa warshadda macmiisha ah ee arrintan samaysay.”
Shirkadaha wax soo saara waxay ka cawdaan tayada alaabta ceeriin, laakiin waxay ku qasban yihiin inay la qabsadaan duruufaha.
"Gobolka Ryazan, halkaas oo ganacsigeenu ku yaal, baradho badan ayaa lagu aasay barafka hoostiisa, waxa aan awoodnay inaan aruurinno runtii waa mid aan qummanayn," ayaa la wadaagay macluumaadka agaasimaha warshadda Kasimov Baradhada, Yuri Mironov, " waana inaan hoos u dhignaa shuruudaha alaabta ceeriin. Soo saarista shiilan, waxaanu aqbalnaa baradhada leh heerarka sonkorta la qiyaasay, laakiin ha gelin wax soo saarka, laakiin u dir kaydinta. Muddo ka dib, sonkortii sidii caadiga ahayd ayay ku soo noqonaysaa, baradhada ayaanu shaqaynay.
Warshada Chips Lorenz Snack World Production Kirishi sidoo kale aad bay daacad ugu tahay alaab-qeybiyeyaasha alaabta ceeriin. "Sanadkan, waa inaan qaadnaa waxa uu suuqu bixiyo," ayuu yiri Sergei Kokovin, maamulaha iibka iyo bixinta baradhada "Dabcan, waxaan jeclaan lahaa tayo wanaagsan. Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee alaabta ceeriin ee noo soo socota maaha sonkor aad u badan sida makaanikada. Waxaa jira baradho badan oo cillado leh. Sababtu waa caddahay - goosashada goor dambe: noocyada istaarijka-sare ee chips uma adkeysanayaan burburka farsamada, gaar ahaan marka shaqada lagu qabto heerkul hoose.
Hase yeeshee, iyadoon loo eegin duruufaha, soo-saarayaashu waxay aaminsan yihiin in xilli-ciyaareedku si fiican u socdo. "Hadda waxaan haysanaa dalabyo ku filan alaab-qeybiyeyaasha," ayuu yiri Sergei Kokovin, "qalabka cayriin waxaa laga keenay Leningrad, Novgorod, Tver, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Bryansk (warshadu waxay ku taal gobolka Leningrad - ed.)".
Faa'iidada kale ee muhiimka ah ee xilli-ciyaareedka waa maqnaanshaha is burinaya u dhexeeya soo-saareyaasha iyo beeralayda ee ku saabsan qiimaha alaabta ceeriin. Sannadkan, iyada oo ka soo horjeeda hoos u dhaca yaraanta baradhada iyo qiimaha jaban ee alaabta cuntada, waxay si dabiici ah u dhaceen. Tusaale ahaan, Kasimovsky Warshadda Baradhada Baradhada ayaa hoos u dhigtay qiimaha iibka kala bar marka loo eego sannadkii hore. Tiro ka mid ah shirkado waaweyn ayaa u wareegay qiimo dhimis firfircoon, iyaga oo ku xiraya qiimaha alaabta ceeriin iyo suuqa.
"Xilli ciyaareedkii hore, beeraley badan ayaa diiday inay la shaqeeyaan soosaarayaasha sababtoo ah qiimaha qandaraasyada adag," ayuu yiri Viktor Solenkov, "Natiijo ahaan, warshadda aan ku shaqeyneyno waxay beddeshay shuruudaha iskaashiga: qiimaha alaabta ceeriin hadda waxay si toos ah ugu xiran tahay heerka ee qiimaha alaabta miiska ee qaybta jumlada (-20% ee suuqa). Xilli ciyaareedkan, wax walba oo la ballanqaaday ayaa si cad loo fuliyay. Qiimaha ayaa noqday mid aad u wanaagsan, macaamilkuna wuxuu bixiyay gaadiid u gaar ah, baradhada ayaa la qaaday iyada oo aan la kala soocin, "wasakh" (miisaanka dhulka ayaa markaa laga jaray, dabcan), iyo wasakh sanadkan ayaa gaadhay ilaa. 20% ee dalagga soo go'a."
"Heshiiska sahayda ayaa la saxiixay gugii hore, waxay bixiyaan suurtogalnimada in la isku hagaajiyo qiimaha iyada oo ku xidhan xaaladaha suuqa," ayuu raaciyay Alexander Shatalov, "qiimuhu waa caadi, gaar ahaan haddii aad tixgeliso shuruudaha: waxaanu u dhoofinnaa baradhada oo badan, iyada oo aan baakad lahayn, iyada oo aan lagu kala saarin cabbir iyo tayada. Iyadoo taas la tixgelinayo, waxaa fiican in la shaqeeyo processor-yada halkii laga heli lahaa silsiladaha tafaariiqda; hubaal waxaa jira dhibaatooyin yar. "
Weli way adag tahay in la saadaaliyo sida dhacdooyinku u kobci doonaan warshadaha ka hor inta aan la bilaabin keenista dalagyada cusub. Khubaradu waxay ka hadlaan suurtogalnimada in la hirgeliyo xaalado kala duwan.
"Goosashada baradhada ee 2022 ma xuma," Yuri Mironov ayaa muujinaya ra'yigiisa, "laakiin marka la eego in wax walba aan la goosan, suurtagalnimada yaraanta alaabta ceeriin lama saari karo. Dhanka kale, sanad ka hor qof kastaa wuxuu ka baqay in aysan jiri doonin baradho ku filan illaa xagaaga, laakiin dhammaadka xilli-ciyaareedka waxaa naloo soo bandhigay tiro intaa le'eg oo baradho ah oo aan awoodnay inaan dooranno tayada oo aan hoos u dhigno qiimaha iibka. .”
Alaab-qeybiyeyaasha baradhada sidoo kale wali diyaar uma aha saadaasha saxda ah.
"Waxaan isku dayeynaa in aan u hoggaansanno qandaraasyada; ka leexashada mugga lagu qeexay qandaraasyada, sida caadiga ah, kama badna 10%," ayuu yiri Alexander Shatalov. "Laakin sanadkan wax walba waxay ku xirnaan doonaan in baradhadu kululaato." Haddii digriiga ay gaaraan heerka la rabo marka la eego nuxurka sonkorta, waa in aysan jirin wax dhibaato ah. Iibsadahayaga ugu weyn, soo saaraha chip-ka weyn, ayaa ka warqaba xaaladdan.
Qorshe-dejinta muddada dheer waa ka sii adag tahay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, warshaduhu waxay sii wadaan horumarinta. Ruushka, shirkado cusub ayaa la dhisayaa, wax soo saarka kuwa horay loo yaqaan ee suuqa ayaa sii kordhaya. Gaar ahaan, warshadda ugu weyn ee gudaha ee soo saarista shiilan Faransiiska, "Wee Fry" (gobolka Lipetsk), kama tagin qorshooyinka hore loo qeexay. Sergei Marchenko, oo ah maamulaha horumarinta warshadda ayaa yidhi: "Howlgalka dhismaha cusub ee shirkadda ayaa la filayaa in ku dhow hal sano. "Qadka labaad ee wax-soo-saarka wuxuu noo ogolaanayaa inaan kordhinno wax-soo-saarka alaabada la dhammeeyay ilaa 225 tan sannadkii iyo wadarta mugga baradhada oo la gaarsiiyo 000 tan sannadkii."
Isla mar ahaantaana, Sergei Marchenko wuxuu soo qaatay caqabadaha ugu waaweyn ee sii kordhinaya mugga farsamaynta baradhada xilligan la joogo sida yaraanta baradhada abuurka ee wax soo saarka alaabta ceeriin iyo yaraanta meelaha waraabka ee beeraha Ruushka.
Beeralayda diyaar ma u yihiin in ay balaadhiyaan wax soo saarka noocyada si ay u habeeyaan? Ujeeddo ahaan, tani ma aha hawl fudud xataa khubarada.
"Weli waxaa jira dalabka alaabta ceeriin ee soo-saareyaasha," ayuu yiri Alexander Shatalov, "walina ma qancin karno, inkastoo beerteenu ay khibrad ballaaran u leedahay kobcinta noocyada ku habboon. Hal mug ayaanu ku heshiinay, laakiin run ahaantii waa dhif in si dhammaystiran loo fuliyo: marna dalaggu wuu xumaadaa, marna beertu waa mid aan la goyn, marna wax kale.
Laakiin dareenka qaybtan beeralayda, sida laga soo xigtay khubarada, ayaa sii kordhaya - ugu horreyntii sababtoo ah faa'iido dammaanad ah.
"Sannadkan ka dib, sida laga soo xigtay indha-indhayntayda, beero badan ayaa mar kale aad u xiiseynaya habaynta," ayuu yidhi Viktor Solenkov. - Tani waa jihada rajo leh. Waxaa jira dhinacyo tignoolajiyada qaarkood oo ay tahay in lagu xisaabtamo (tusaale ahaan, heerkulka kaydinta baradhada ee farsamaynta ayaa ka sarreeya waana in lagu daaweeyaa xannibaadayaasha koritaanka laga bilaabo Noofambar), laakiin wax walba waa la xallin karaa. Waxa ugu muhiimsan waa in baradhada sii kordhaya ee qandaraaska, soo-saaruhu uu helo ku dhawaad faa'iidada la qorsheeyay. Haddii aan suuqa soo galnay oo aanan u lahayn saldhig macmiil oo baradhada miis ah, waxaan marka hore diirada saari lahayn soo saarista noocyada shiilan ee Faransiiska.
Soo saaraha beeralayda ayaa ku qanacsan in dhiirigelinta dheeraadka ah ee ballaarinta barnaamijyada wax soo saarka baradhada ee farsamaynta ay noqon karto soo bandhigida noocyo cusub oo wax soo saar sare leh.
"Waqtigan xaadirka ah, isla goobta beerta, noocyada kala duwan ee miiskayadu waxay soo saaraan 60 t / ha, noocyada shiilan waxay soo saaraan qiyaastii 50 t / ha, oo leh tikniyoolajiyad isku mid ah," Viktor Solenkov ayaa ka qoomameeyay, "Waxay soo baxday in la ballaarinayo. aagga baradhada Faa'iido badan naguma leh inaan ka shaqayno. Waxaan isku daynay inaan abuurno noocyo cusub oo shiilan ah, mid ka mid ah wuxuu muujiyay natiijooyin aad u wanaagsan, laakiin illaa hadda macaamiishu uma hayaan barnaamij abuur ah.
Haddii noocyada la rabo ay ka soo muuqdaan suuqayada iyo intee in le'eg ayay tani ku dhici doontaa xaaladaha hadda jira waa su'aalo aan jawaabo u hayn.