Koorsada habka pathological ee rhizoctoniosis baradhada waxaa si weyn u saameeya xajmiga dadka pathogene ee ciidda iyo digriiga abuurka. Xaaladaha Siberiya, caabuqa carrada ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara marka la barbardhigo caabuqa tuber, si kastaba ha ahaatee, marxaladaha ugu horreeya ee horumarinta cudurka, tuber inoculum ayaa muhiimad weyn leh.
Iyadoo la tixgelinayo sifooyinka bayoolojiga ee tilmaamaya wakiilka sababa ee rhizoctoniosis baradho, si loo yareeyo waxyeelada cudurka, kordhinta wax soo saarka iyo hagaajinta tayada alaabta, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la isticmaalo hab-dhaqameedyada beeraha oo yareynaya tirada cudur keenaha ku dhaca digriiga abuurka iyo ciidda labadaba.
Maqnaanshaha bilawga caabuqa ee ciidda, baradhada waxaa lagu kori karaa shaciir, miro, raspeseed iyo mustard, iyo digriiga waa in lagu daaweeyaa fungicides ka hor intaan la beerin. Kadibna, marxaladda seedling, waxaan filan karnaa horumarinta rhizoctonia ee qiyaasta 9-10%.
Marka la beerayo walxo beerto aan la daweyn, tilmaamuhu wuxuu kordhin doonaa 3-5%. Haddii ay suurtogal tahay in la beero dalagyada sida ku xusan kuwii hore ee kor ku xusan, waxaa lagu dhejin karaa sarreenka, ka dib korriinka cudurka wuxuu noqon doonaa heerka 14% daaweynta digriiga iyo 20% daaweyn la'aan.
Haddii ciidda beeruhu ay ku nool yihiin wakiilka sababa ee rhizoctoniosis, markaa way fiicantahay in lagu beero baradhada dalagyadii hore sida miro, rapeseed iyo mustard. Xaaladdan oo kale, horumarinta rhizoctoniosis waxay gaari doontaa 13-15% labadaba dhirta ka soo baxa digriiga fungicides-daaweeyay iyo kuwa laga helo wax beerista aan la daweyn.
Marka la beerayo dalagyada qamadiga iyo shaciirka, digriiga waa in lagu buufiyaa jeermiska dila ka hor inta aan la beerin, tusaale ahaan, Maxim 0,25 KS, taas oo hoos u dhigi doonta waxyeelada baradhada ilaa 7,5%.
Marka la eego marxaladda gaysashada - bilawga ubaxa ciidda xorta ah ee R. Solani, horumarka ugu hooseeya ee cudurka ayaa lagu arkay kuwii ka horreeyay sida kufsiga iyo miro - 16 iyo 19%, siday u kala horreeyaan, haddii digriiga lagu daaweeyo jeermiska ka hor intaan la beerin. . Tilmaamahani wax yar ayuu ka sarreeyaa sarreenka, shaciir iyo khardal - 22-25%. Haddii alaabta beerto aan la daweyn, ka dibna wakhtigan horumarinta cudurka ee baradhada loogu talagalay horudhacyada hadhuudhka iyo iniin khardal ah ayaa gaadhay heer isku mid ah 27-32%. Marka laga reebo waa abuur kufsi, halkaas oo horumarka rhizoctoniosis uu yahay 22%.
Beerista baradhada ee carrada cudurka R. Solani ee miro, rapeseed iyo iniin khardal ah oo ay weheliso labiska guga ee digriiga Maxim 0,25 KS waxay ilaalisaa caabuqa dalagga leh rhizoctoniosis heerka 26-32%. Shaciirka iyo sarreenka, tiradani aad ayay uga badan tahay waxayna gaaraysaa 37-44%. Dhigista beerista baradhada carrada cudurka qaba iyo diidmada in lagu daweeyo digriiga beeritaanka fungicides waxay kor u qaadaysaa habka cudurada. Horumarinta rhizoctoniosis ee kiiskan ee mustard waa 33%, shaciir, miro iyo rapeseed - 37-40, iyo sarreen - 53%.
Beerista baradhada ka dib baradhada waxay keenaysaa dhaawac weyn oo ku yimaada dhirta cudurka inta lagu jiro xilliga sii kordhaya oo dhan.
Beerista dalagga iyadoo loo eegayo horjoogayaal kala duwan, iyo sidoo kale isticmaalka jeermiska dilaha, waxay u oggolaanaysaa ma aha oo kaliya in la xakameeyo xaaladda phytosanitary ee agrocenosis, laakiin sidoo kale si loo hagaajiyo tayada alaabta ka soo baxda.
Meelaynta baradhada ee ciidda xor ka ah wakiilka sababa ee rhizoctoniosis, iyo sidoo kale isticmaalka walxaha beeritaanka jeermiska, waxay suurtogal ka dhigtaa in ay ku koraan dhammaan hadhuudhka kor ku xusan iyo dalagyada kaabajka. Xaaladdan oo kale, dhalidda digriiga caafimaadka leh waxay u dhexeysaa 19-22 t/ha. Haddii digriiga aan la daweyn ka hor beerashada, ka dibna hoos u dhaca tayada dalagga cusub ayaa la arkay. Ururinta digriiga caafimaadka leh waxaa la dhimay 1-3 t/ha, iyadoo ku xiran dalagga hore.
Sawir gebi ahaanba ka duwan ayaa soo baxa haddii ciidda baradhada hoosteeda ay ku jirto fungus. Xaaladdan oo kale, marka la xidho alaabta beerto Maxim 0,25 KS, kuwa ugu fiican ee ka horreeyay waa miro, kufsi iyo mustard. Waxay kuu oggolaanayaan inaad kordhiso dhalidda digriiga caafimaadka leh ilaa 16-18 t/ha, halka sarreenka iyo shaciirka - kaliya ilaa 13-14 t/ha. Haddii digriiga aan lagu daaweynin fungicides, ka dibna sidoo kale waa lagama maarmaan in la beero baradho sida waafaqsan kuwii hore ee kor ku xusan. Tani waxay kuu ogolaaneysaa inaad hesho dalagga digriiga tayada leh ee heerka 13-14 t / ha. Qamadiga iyo shaciirku aad bay uga sii xun yihiin xaaladahan: halkan tilmaamuhu wuxuu noqonayaa 11-12 t/ha.
Beerista baradhada ka dib baradhada waxay keenaysaa hoos u dhac weyn oo tayada alaabta la helay.
Kaliya adoo ku daawaynaya walxaha wax lagu beero jeermiska dile, waxaad heli kartaa 13 t/g digriiga caafimaadka qaba, iyo xaaladaha kale tiradani kama badna 8-9 t/ha.
Si aad u hesho wax-soo-saarka joogtada ah ee baradhada tayada sare leh ee ciidda xor ka ah wakiilka sababa ee rhizoctoniosis, daaweynta guga ee digriiga leh fungicides iyo isticmaalka sarreenka, shaciir, miro, rapeseed ama mustard sida dalagga hore waa lagama maarmaan.
Joogitaanka R. Solani ee carrada waxay u baahan tahay horumarin horudhac ah oo ciidda ah iyadoo la kaashanayo miro, raspseed iyo iniin khardal ah iyo dhar xidhashada qasabka ah ee alaabta beerto.
Xaaladaha wareegyada dalagga oo leh wareeg gaaban, si loo hagaajiyo beeritaanka baradhada ee wakiilka sababa ee rhizoctoniosis, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la soo bandhigo horudhac phytosanitary ah (hilibka, Sarepta mustard, rapeseed guga) oo lagu daweeyo walxaha beerto fungicides. Beerista iniin khardal ah iyo iniinaha la kufsado oo horudhac u ah waxay suurtogal ka dhigaysaa in la yareeyo cufnaanta fungus R. solani 50-55% bilawga xilliga beeritaanka baradhada, iyo 5% miro. Isticmaalka sarreenka iyo shaciir ahaan laguma talinayo, sida waxay ka qaybqaataan ururinta cudur-sidaha (tiradu waxay kordhisaa 16 iyo 51%, siday u kala horreeyaan).
Isbedelka dadka ciidda ee R. Solani ee ka hooseeya badarka iyo kaabajka ka hor waxay yareeyaan horumarinta rhizoctoniosis on barandhada afkoda ee marxaladaha ugu horreeya ee ontogenesis by 53-70%, iyo marxaladaha ugu dambeeya by 31-50% iyo kordhiyaa dhalidda digriiga caafimaadka qaba 66-86% marka loo eego baradhada la dulsaaray baradhada (9,7 t/ha).
Nidaamka ilaalinta dalagyada, oo ay ku jiraan beerashada baradhada on oats, Sarepta mustard, kufsiga guga iyo daaweynta digriiga ka hor inta aan la beerin jeermiska fungicidal casriga ah Maxim 0,25 KS, waxay bixisaa hoos u dhigista horumarinta cudurka 54-64, 46 -67 iyo 44-61% waxayna kordhisaa dhalidda digriiga caafimaadka qaba 88, 69 iyo 76%. Kakanaanta hababka kor ku xusan waxay sidoo kale wanaajisaa tayada alaabta la helay, hoos u dhigista dadka qaba sclerosis 12-14%.
Liiska suugaanta la adeegsaday:
1. Shaldyaeva E.M. La socodka rhizoctoniosis ee hababka beeralayda baradhada ee Galbeedka Siberia / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu.V. Pilipova, N.M. Konyaev. -
Novosibirsk, 2006. - 196 p.
2. Shaldyaeva E.M. Hagaajinta xaaladda phytosanitary ee beeritaanka
baradhada marka loo isticmaalo abuur kufsiga guga sida digada cagaaran
dhaqanka / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu.V. Pilipova, M.P. Shatunova // Ilaalinta
dhirta ee Siberiya: Sat. cilmi tr Macalimiinta iyo ardayda ka qalin jabisay Kulliyada Ilaalinta Dhirta. - Novosibirsk, 2003. - S. 77-83