Maalintii u dambaysay bishii Janaayo, Shirweynihii Agronomic-All-Russian waxaa lagu qabtay Moscow, kaqeybgalayaashu waxay ahaayeen wakiilo ka kala socda adeegyada xannaanada xoolaha, wasaaradaha gobolka iyo waaxaha beeraha, madaxda ururada beeraha. Kulankan ayaa dhaqan ahaan taabtay arimihii ugu muhiimsanaa ee xilliyadii la soo gabagabeeyey iyo qorshayaashii la dejiyey mustaqbalka dhow.
Si kooban uga warran diiwaannada
Wasiirka Beeraha ee Xiriirka Ruushka, Alexander Tkachev, oo furay kulanka, ayaa khudbadiisa ku bilaabay isaga oo soo koobaya natiijooyinka sanadkii la soo dhaafay isla markaana dib u xasuusiyay rikoodhkii xilliyada: sanadkii 2017, 134 milyan oo tan oo hadhuudh ah ayaa la ururiyay; 3,6 milyan oo tan oo soy ah; 1,5 milyan oo tan oo rapeseed ah (50% in ka badan 2016). Soosaarayaasha khudradda cagaaran ayaa waxay gaareen natiijooyin wax ku ool ah (oo ah 34% laba sano gudahood), shaqo deg deg ah ayaa ka socda dalka si loo dhiso jardiinooyin (1000 hektar ayaa sanad walba lagu daraa).
Soy iyo canola
Isaga oo ka hadlaya dalagyadan, Wasiirka Beeraha wuxuu ugu yeeray ma aha oo kaliya rajo, laakiin istiraatiijiyad ahaan muhiim ayuu u yahay Ruushka. Tan iyo bilowgii 2000s, aagga lagu beeray soodhaha ee dalka wuxuu kordhay ku dhowaad lix laab - ilaa 2,6 milyan hektar. Laakiin tirada waxsoosaarku weli kuma filna: waxaan soo dhoofsannaa in ka badan 2,5 milyan oo tan oo soy ah sanadkiiba.
Isla mar ahaantaana, dhaqankani wuxuu weli ka mid yahay meelaha ugu sarreeya. Xaaladda waxay la mid tahay kuwa la kufsaday: aagga lagu beeray waxyar ayuu ka yar yahay 1 milyan oo hektar, soo dejinta la kufsaday (oo ay ku jiraan abuurka) waa in ka badan 20 milyan oo tan sanadkii, iyo soo dejinta saliidda la kufsaday waa 8 milyan oo tan. Awoodda wax-qabad ee jira waxay u oggolaaneysaa kordhinta wax soo saarka kufsiga looguna talagalay in lagu farsameeyo laba illaa saddex jeer. Alexander Tkachev wuxuu ugu yeeray dhamaan gobolada fursadaha u leh soosaarka soyaanka iyo kufsiga inay fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaan dalagyadan.
Salis Karakotov, Agaasimaha Guud ee shirkadda Shchelkovo Agrokhim, ayaa sii waday wada hadalka ku saabsan soodhada. Khudbadiisa wuxuu ku nuuxnuuxsaday baahida loo qabo in la waafajiyo tiknoolajiyadda beeraha marka la beerayo dalagyada. Sida laga soo xigtay S. Karakotov, hadda waxa ku jira borotiinka ku jira soyka Ruushka ayaa ah heerka 28-32%, halka adduunka wax soo saar leh borotiin ka kooban ugu yaraan 40% loo baahan yahay. Ganacsadaha ayaa sidoo kale farta ku fiiqay dib u dhaca soo-saareyaasha Ruushka ee soosaarka dhanka wax-soo-saarka. "Waa lagama maarmaan in la gaaro wax soo saar 2 t / ha, markaa faa'iidada waxay ku dhowdahay 100%," ayuu yiri agaasimaha guud ee Shchelkovo Agrokhim.
Laydh iyo suuf
Doodda ka socota Shirweynihii Agronomic All-Russia ayaa sidoo kale diiradda lagu saaray beerista dhaqanka soo jireenka ah ee Ruushka - flax iyo mid cusub oo cadaalad ah - cudbi.
Petr Chekmarev, Agaasimaha Waaxda Dhirta Dhirta, Farsameynta, Kiimikada iyo Ilaalinta Dhirta ee Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Xiriirka Ruushka, wuxuu ka hadlay talaabooyin cusub oo taageero ah oo maanta loo soo saaray horumarinta fiditaanka geedka. Gaar ahaan, waxaa la qorsheynayaa in la soo bandhigo 20 boqolkiiba magdhowga dhismaha warshadaha abuurka iyo 50 boqolkiiba - dhismaha warshadaha ee hawsha aasaasiga ah ee flax. Marka loo eego xisaabinta Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Xiriirka Ruushka, sanadka soo socda soosaarka linenka waa inuu kudhowaad labanlaabaa marka la barbar dhigo natiijooyinka xilli 2017.
Laakiin soosaarka cudbiga ee Ruushka ayaa hadda bilaabmaya. Baahida loo qabo in la beero dalaggan, sida uu sheegayo Petr Chekmarev, waxaa sabab u ah xaqiiqda ah in alaab-qeybiyeha ugu muhiimsan ee suufka u keena dalka - Uzbekistan - uu si firfircoon uga shaqeynayo dhismaha dhirta wax lagu farsameeyo iyo qorshayaasha uu ku sii wado inuu keeno oo keliya alaabooyinka laga baaraandego ee dibadda ah, sidaas darteed, dhowr warshadood oo ku yaal Ruushka ayaa wajihi kara yaraanta alaabta ceeriin.
Sanadka 2018, ilaa 1000 hektar ayaa loo qoondeyn doonaa suuf (gobolada Astrakhan iyo Volgograd). Mustaqbalka, aagga waa la kordhin doonaa: sida laga soo xigtay Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Xiriirka Ruushka, waddankeenna waxaa ku yaal dhulal ku filan (qiyaastii 200 kun oo hektar) oo suurtagal ah in loo isticmaali karo koritaanka suufka.
Baradhadu iyo khudradda
Sanadka 2018, sida ku cad qorshayaasha Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Ruushka, baradhada waxaa la dhigi doonaa aag dhan 1,27 milyan oo hektar (iyadoo wax laga beddelayo iyadoo lagu saleynayo natiijooyinka tirakoobkii beeraha ee 2016), oo in yar ka yar sanadkii hore. Petr Chekmarev wuxuu carrabka ku adkeeyay muhiimadda ay leedahay in la ilaaliyo tilmaamahan, haddii kale waddanku wuxuu wajihi karaa baahida loo qabo in la kordhiyo soo-saarka alaabta.
Saadaasha aagga abuurka ee dalagyada khudradda ayaa sidoo kale si ficil ahaan ah usii jiri doonta isla heerkaas - 653,9 kun oo hektar (sanadkii 2017 waxay ahayd 647,6 kun hektar).
Bacriminta macdanta
Sida laga soo xigtay Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Xiriirka Ruushka, ma jiraan yaraanta bacrimiyeyaasha macdanta, iyo sidoo kale sicirka kor u kaca iyaga ee Russia bilowga xilliga 2018. Qiyaastii 393 kun oo tan oo badeecooyin ah ayaa horeyba ugu jiray bakhaarradii wax soo saareyaasha beeraha.
Waxaa ka mid ah isbeddellada wanaagsan ee xilligan, sida uu sheegayo Igor Kaluzhsky, oo ah Guddoomiyaha Ururka Soosaarayaasha Bacriminta ee Ruushka, waxaa jira hoos u dhac ku yimaada isticmaalka amooniyamka iyo kororka isticmaalka urea iyo urea-ammonium isku dar ah, taas oo shaki la’aan saamayn togan ku yeelan doonta tayada wax soo saarka koray.
Tallaabooyinka taageerada
Sannadkan, 11,34 bilyan rubles ayaa loo qoondeeyay miisaaniyadda federaalka si loogu taageero soosaarayaasha wax soo saarka beeraha (kabitaanno la siinayo taageero aan laxiririn soosaarayaasha wax soosaarka beeraha ee wax soo saarka dalaga). Ilaa hadda, 2 bilyan oo rubles. taageero aan laxiririn ayaa horey loogula socodsiiyay beeralayda.
In kabadan 13 bilyan rubles ayaa loo qoondeeyey amaahda gaagaaban (oo ah ugu badnaan 5%), taasoo u oggolaanaysa beeralayda inay soo jiitaan in kabadan 230 bilyan rubles oo ah amaahda amaahda. Lacagtan, sida ku xusan xisaabinta Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Xiriirka Ruushka, waa inay dabooli kartaa 2/3 baahiyaha soosaarayaasha beeraha ee loogu talagalay maalgelinta amaahda ee ololaha beero.
Guud ahaan, maalgelinta warshadaha waxaa loo qorsheeyay in lagu sii wado heer aan ka yarayn sidii sanadkii hore.
Natiijooyinka tirakoobka beeraha ee 2016
Konstantin Laykam, Kuxigeenka Madaxa Adeegga Tirakoobka Gobollada Federaalka, wuxuu si kooban uga warbixiyay ka-qeybgalayaasha kulanka natiijooyinka horudhaca ah ee Tirakoobka Beeraha ee 2016-ka ee Ruushka, isagoo muujiyey tirooyinka ugu badan ee muuqaalka leh.
Marka, wuxuu xusay in tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay tan iyo markii la tiriyey tirakoobka beeraha ee 2006, tirada shirkadaha wax soo saarka beeraha ee Russia ay hoos u dhacday 40%, tirada beeraha ayaa hoos u dhacday 46%.
Run, tirada ganacsatada beeraha ayaa kordhay (19%). Isla mar ahaantaana, K. Laikam wuxuu carrabka ku adkeeyay in xogtan aan loo tixgelin karin inay tahay mid kama dambeys ah: ku dhawaad rubuc ka mid ah ururada beeraha ee sida rasmiga u jira, ku dhawaad seddexdii beerahaba mid saddexaad, run ahaantii ma qabtaan howlahooda, iyo 25 gobol oo in kabadan kalabar beeraleyda ayaa lagu qoray warqad keliya.
Tirakoobku wuxuu muujiyey kala duwanaansho soosaarayaasha wax soo saarkooda beeraha: saamiga shirkadaha waaweyn ee dalagyada in ka badan 2,5 kun hektar ayaa kordhay 10 jeer (5% ururradan ayaa ah 35% wadarta guud ee lagu beeray).
Isugeynta dhul-beereedka ku yaal beeraha ee dhammaan noocyada ayaa hoos u dhacay tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay 24 milyan oo hektar (14%) oo hadda ah 142 milyan oo hektar, laakiin dhulkii dhul-beereedka loo adeegsaday wuxuu ku sii jiray sidii uu ahaan jiray sidii hore. Tani waxay dhacday sababta oo ah dhulkii xoola dhaqatada ahaa ee aan la adeegsan ayaa hoos udhacay 57%.
Wadarta guud ee dhul beereedka lagu beeray waxay kordheen 6% (4,5 milyan hektar) waxayna gaareen 79 milyan oo hektar. Kobaca abuurka waxaa sabab u ahaa beeraleyda beeraleyda iyo kuwa gaarka loo leeyahay iyo shakhsiyaad ganacsato ah, oo ku ballaariyay aaggooda lagu beeray 70% (9 milyan oo hektar). Qeybaha kale ee soo saarayaasha beeraha waxay yareeyeen dalagyadooda, oo ay kujiraan ururada beeraha - 4 milyan oo hektar (7%).
Tirakoobka ayaa diiwaan geliyay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid shaqaalaha beeraha. Ururada beeraha, tirada shaqaaluhu waxay hoos u dhacday in ka badan kala badh, beeraha - 40%, iyo ganacsatada dhexdooda - 20%.
Natiijooyinka ugu dambeeya ee tirakoobka beeraha ee 2016 ayaa la soo saari doonaa sanadkan, waxaa laga heli karaa websaydhka rasmiga ah: www.vshp2016.ru
Saadaasha qiimaha xilli ciyaareedka 2018
Maaddaama Dmitry Rylko, Agaasimaha Guud ee Machadka Daraasaadka Suuqa Beeraha (IKAR), uu xusay, oo uu soo koobayo natiijooyinka 2017-ka kana faalloonayo guulaha rikoodhka laga gaadhay koritaanka hadhuudhka: "Goosashada weyn - dhibaatooyinka waaweyn, goosashada weyn - dhibaatooyinka waaweyn".
Si kastaba ha noqotee, sameynta fikradaha ku saabsan qiimaha hadhuudhka Ruushka dhamaadka 2018, falanqeeyaha ayaa ahaa mid aad u rajo wanaagsan (IKAR saadaashu waxay ku saabsan tahay $ 200 halkii tan, ie wax yar ka sarreeya tii 2017). D. Rylko wuxuu xusay in sanadkaan wadanka uu ka soo hooyay natiijooyin wax ku ool ah dhoofinta hadhuudhka, taas oo rajo galinaysa hoos udhaca kaydka hadhuudhka dhamaadka sanadka.
IKAR waxay sidoo kale saadaalinaysaa kor u kaca sicirka gabbaldayaha qeybta labaad ee 2018 (sanadka 2017, goosashada ma aysan sarreynin, laakiin xilligan xaadirka ah, qiimaha badeecada ayaa wali ah mid aad u hooseysa, maadaama wali saliid laga soo saaray suuqa sanadkii hore).
Si taxaddar leh, falanqeeyuhu wuxuu kugula talinayaa inay la xiriiraan xaaladda suuqa sonkorta. Marka laga eego aragtida ICAR, rajada laga qabo dhoofinta sheygan ayaan wali ahayn mid dhalaalaya. Sannadkan, qayb weyn oo ka mid ah sonkorta Ruushka ayaa la geeyay Uzbekistan, laakiin jihadaas looguma yeedhi karo xasilloon. Taas macnaheedu waa iyada oo aan la gaadhin heshiisyo culus oo ku saabsan dhoofinta sonkorta "dibedda", waddanku waa in aanu dardargelin soosaarka xididdada sonkorta.
Ma yara wax ka khaldan xaaladda xaaladda buckwheat. Qiimaha qiimuhu wuxuu hoos ugu dhacay heerka sarreenka, taas oo, sida laga soo xigtay D. Rylko, muddo aan sidaa u sii fogeyn ka hor. Falanqeeyaha wuxuu walaac ka muujiyey in haddii sanadka 2018 dalagga bucshireed uu mar kale weyn yahay oo qiimuhuna uu hooseeyo, sanadka 2019 soosaarayaasha beeraha ayaa gebi ahaanba ka tagi kara dalagaas.
Qorshayaasha iyo rajooyinka
Sida ku xusan qorshayaasha Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Xiriirka Ruushka, sanadka 2018, wadarta guud ee dhulka lagu beeray wuxuu noqon doonaa 80 milyan oo hektar, oo 53 milyan oo hektar loo qoondeyn doono abuurka guga. Waxaa la saadaalinayaa in la kordhiyo aagga beero ee soy, kufsi, flax, shaciir iyo dalagyada xoolaha; yareynta aagagga gabbaldayaha (illaa 7,5 milyan oo hektar) iyo xididdo laga sameeyo sonkorta (illaa 1,1 milyan hektar). Russia waxay mar kale sugeysaa wax soo saar wanaagsan oo ma sii socon doonto diiwaannada la gaarey.
Sida laga soo xigtay Wasiirka Beeraha ee Xiriirka Ruushka Alexander Tkachev: “Waxaan rajo wanaagsan ka qabnaa mustaqbalka, hanaanka wax soo dejinta ayaa socda, falanqeeyayaasha Sberbank waxay rumeysan yihiin in sanadka 2018 dhismaha agro-warshadaha ruushka ay gaari karaan natiijo aan la helin tobannaan sano oo ay dib u soo ceshadaan maqaamkeedii ah iibiyaha cuntada saafiga ah. . Warshadaha ayaa leh ilo ballaaran iyo fursado sare oo horusocod dheeri ah. ”