Xilligii beeralayda ee 2022, dhulka lagu beeray ee hoostiisa dabocase sonkorta ayaa ku sii jiray ku dhawaad 2021, sii kordhaya, sida uu qabo Rosstat, kaliya 2%. Cimilada gobollada intooda badan ee beerashada dalagga xididku waxay jecel yihiin korriimadooda. Si loo badbaadiyo dalagyada dabocase sonkorta ee cudurada, shirkadda "Ogosto" waxay siisay beeralayda noocyo kala duwan oo daawooyin ah oo si guul leh u gudbay imtixaannada, si wax ku ool ah ula qabsadaan cudurrada waxayna kordhiyaan wax soo saarka dalagga.
Cudurada ugu waaweyn ee dabocase sonkorta dhaqan ahaan waxaa ka mid ah fomosis, fusarium, ramularia, Alternaria, caariyaysi budada ah, cercosporosis. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Ruushka maanta, cercosporosis iyo caariyaysi budada ah ayaa ah kuwa ugu badan oo waxyeello u leh. Cuduradani waxay yareeyaan wax soo saarka, waxay yareeyaan sonkorta ku jirta dalagyada xididka waxayna wiiqaan awooda kaydinta.
Wakiilka keena caariyaysi budada ah wuxuu ku koraa kaliya geedka nool. Qoryaha cad, calaamadda ugu weyn ee dibadda ee cudurka, waxay ka kooban tahay mycelium-ka fangaska pathogene, ka soo baxa xadhkaha-soo-baxa ee korkiisa iyo xadhkaha taranka jinsiga - condia, kaas oo bixiya jiilal dhowr ah inta lagu jiro xilliga iyo infekshanka dhirta cusub. Fangaska waxaa lagu ilaaliyaa hadhaaga dhirta, miraha, dalagyada xididka ee ka tagay beerta sannadkii hore. Si loola dagaallamo cudurka, waxaa muhiim ah in la ilaaliyo tignoolajiyada beeraha, laakiin waxyeello aad u sareysa, daaweynta fungicides waa daaweynta kaliya ee lagu kalsoonaan karo.
Cercosporosis ma aha oo kaliya xididdada sonkorta, laakiin sidoo kale dalagyo kale oo badan iyo haramaha. Waxay u muuqataa caleemaha qaab wareegsan oo dhibco bunni ah oo leh soohdin casaan ama casaan-brown ah. Cudurka pathogene wuxuu u overwinters sida mycelium dushiisa duq ah, oo ku yaal xuubka abuurka, xididdada ilmo-galeenka. Cudurku si xoog leh ayuu u kobcaa sannado kadib marka uu beddelo mid qalalan oo kulul iyo cimilo diiran oo dhexdhexaad ah. Wareegga dalagga ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara xakamaynta cercosporosis, laakiin sababtoo ah baaxadda ballaaran ee dhirta martida loo yahay ee fungus, isticmaalka fungicides caadi ahaan kuma filna.
"Iyada oo ku xiran sifooyinka cimilada ee xilliga, mid ka mid ah labadan cudur ayaa inta badan soo baxa. Dhibaatooyinka ay la kulmaan beeralayda waa la yaqaan, mid ayaa laga yaabaa in la yiraahdo, la qorsheeyay. Beeraha qaar ayaa durba fulinaya daawaynta fungicidal ee ugu horraysa ee xilligaan. Koonfurta (Krasnodar iyo Stavropol) kor u kaca heerarka isticmaalka ee fungicides iyo hoos u dhac ku yimaada muddada u dhaxaysa daawaynta ayaa la xusay, marar badan waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la isticmaalo daaweynta fungicidal saddexaad, - ayuu yidhi Vladimir Peshekhonov, oo ah khabiirka ugu horreeya waaxda horumarinta alaabta ee Avgust Firm JSC ee Bartamaha Dhulka Madaw.
Sannado badan, beeralayda dabocase ayaa isticmaalaya diyaarinta sida shirkadda Ogosto sida Rayok, Benorad, Credo, Kolosal Pro si loola dagaallamo cudurrada xididka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sanadihii ugu dambeeyay, noocyada kala duwan ee alaabta ilaalinta dabocase sonkorta ayaa balaariyay iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay soo bandhigida alaabooyinka ku salaysan maaddooyinka firfircoon ee cusub, xitaa waxtarka badan - tusaale ahaan, epoxiconazole iyo tetraconazole oo ka socda fasalka thiazol. Maaddooyinka firfircooni waxay qayb ka yihiin diyaargarowga Hecate (difenoconazole + tetraconazole), Rakurs (epoxiconazole + cyproconazole) iyo Spirit (azoxystrobin + epoxiconazole). Iyada oo ku saleysan azoksystrobin "Ogosto" ayaa sidoo kale soo saarta fungicides "Baly" (propiconazole + azoksystrobin).
Ereyo dhawr ah oo ku saabsan azoxystrobin: ku hadhay lakabka caleenta, waxay ka ilaalisaa dhirta ka soo baxa cusub ee cudurada fangas. Marka lagu daro triazoles, waxay awood u leedahay inay joojiso caabuqa horeba u soo baxayay oo ay joojisay sporulation haddii ay dhacdo dib u dhac qasab ah oo daaweyn ah, ayuu yidhi Vladimir Peshekhonov.
Fungicides "Tirada" (thiram + difenoconazole) ayaa sidoo kale muujiyay ballan. Thiram wuxuu bixiyaa fal xiriir xoog leh oo ka dhan ah fungi iyo bakteeriyada pathogenic. Daawaynta kahortaga ah ee ugu waxtarka badan ee daawadani waa in laga ilaaliyo kudka ka soo baxa dusha caleenta.
Tijaabooyinka alaabada cusub ayaa socday dhowr sano: tusaale ahaan, tijaabooyin ku saleysan All-Ruush Research Institute of Sugar Beet iyo Sonkorta oo lagu magacaabo A.L. Mazlumov ee gobolka Voronezh, oo lagu qabtay 2017-2019. Fungicides "Gekata", "Ruux", "Baly" iyo "Tirada" waxay muujiyeen waxtarka sare marka la barbardhigo nidaamyada dhaqameed - adeegsigoodu wuxuu suurtogaliyay in la kordhiyo wax-soo-saarka dabocase sonkorta 4-5 ton halkii hektar, iyo sidoo kale kordhinta Sonkorta ku jirta dalagyada xididka 0,5-2%.
"Xaaladaha qallalan ee xilliga koritaanka, wax-soo-saarka ugu wanaagsan ayaa la helay iyadoo la isticmaalayo Balia, 0,8 l/ha iyo Spirit, 0,7 l/ha. Sannad qoyan, Hecate, 0,8 l / ha, ayaa noqday tan ugu waxtarka badan ee ka hortagga cercosporosis. "Baly", "Ruux" iyo "Hecate" waxay yareeyeen faafitaanka iyo horumarinta cercosporosis qiyaastii 2 jeer, caariyaysi budada ah - 4-5 jeer marka la barbardhigo xakamaynta iyada oo aan la daaweynin," ayuu soo koobay Vladimir Peshekhonov.
Dhakhaatiirta takhasuska leh ee "Ogosto" waxay ku talinayaan in la isticmaalo fungicides-ka kor ku xusan oo leh adjuvants "Allur" ama "Polyphem", si xalka daroogada uu si fiican ugu faafo caleen, si waxtar leh u go'an oo si dhakhso ah u bilaabo inuu ku dhaqmo cudur-sidaha.