Sida baradhadu ay u noqotay qaybta afraad ee sugnaanta cuntada ee Shiinaha
Ka dib markii la mahadiyay awoodda buuxda ee baradhada, Shiinuhu wuxuu si weyn u kordhiyay wax soo saarka dalaggan labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay wuxuuna noqday wax soo saarka baradhada ugu weyn adduunka.
Dib ugu noqoshada 2015, Akadeemiyada Sayniska ee Shiinaha ayaa ku talisay in mas'uuliyiinta ay qaataan istaraatiijiyad lagu horumarinayo oo loogu isticmaalo baradhada sida cuntada daruuriga ah si loo xaqiijiyo sugnaanta cuntada gudaha ee dalka. 2016, dawladda Shiinaha ayaa soo saartay "Hagaha Horumarinta Baradhada". Ka dib, gobolada iyo magaalooyinku waxay sidoo kale qaateen siyaasado ku haboon si loo hagaajiyo wax soo saarka loona kordhiyo baahida baradhada.
Dacaayadeeyayaashu waxay la kulmeen hawsha ah in baradhada loo dhigo sidii cunnada daruuriga ah ee Shiinuhu siyaalo kasta oo suurtagal ah.
Iyadoo la raacayo dookhyada macaamiisha Shiinaha, noocyo badan oo badeecooyin baradho soo jiidasho leh ayaa la sameeyay, oo ay ku jiraan rootiga baradhada la caadka ah, baasto baradho, iyo bur. In ka badan 200 oo badeecooyin baradho ah ayaa suuqa la soo galiyay, sida shiilan barafaysan, jajab baradhada, baradhada, cunto fudud baradhada, khamriga baradhada iyo dhammaan noocyada kale ee soo jiidashada leh.
Tani waxay soo dedejisay baahida baradhada cayriin sidoo kale. Markaa baradhada Shiinaha waxay noqotay cuntada afraad ee daruuriga ah, oo ay weheliso bariiska, sarreenka iyo galleyda, taariikh ahaan maaha qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee cuntada Shiinaha.
Laga soo bilaabo 2007 ilaa 2016, isticmaalka sanadlaha ah ee baradhada cusub ee Shiinaha ayaa kor u kacay min 30 kg ilaa 52 kg, taas oo kor u kacday 5,6% sannadkii, welina waxaa jira boos horumarinta suuqa mustaqbalka.
Laga soo bilaabo 2007 ilaa 2016, aagga baradhada ee PRC wuxuu ka kordhay 4,5 milyan hektar ilaa 5,6 milyan oo hektar, iyo isbeddel kobac tartiib ah ayaa la saadaaliyay mustaqbalka.
Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, dalagga baradhada wuxuu ka kacay 65 milyan oo tan ilaa 97 milyan oo tan.
Heerka wax-soo-saarka hadda waa mid aad u cajiib badan marka loo eego in wax-soo-saarka baradhada ee Shiinaha uu ka yaraa 10 milyan oo tan dhawaantan 1986-kii.
Wax-soo-saarka halbeegkiiba wuxuu ka kordhay 15 tan/ha ilaa 17 tan/ha laga bilaabo 2007 ilaa 2016.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax-soo-saarka la helay ayaa ka yar celceliska adduunka (20 tan / ha), aadna uga hooseeya waddamada horumaray (40 tan / ha) sida Holland, France, USA iyo New Zealand.
Sidaa darteed, waxaa jira suurtogalnimo koror weyn oo ah wax-soo-saarka baradhada, saynisyahannadu waxay sameynayaan dadaallo ay sidaas ku sameeyaan.
Dhulka lagu beero baradhada ayaa xoogaa ku badan dalka Shiinaha, iyadoo 49% dhulka laga beerto Waqooyiga Shiinaha laga soo go'o hal mar sanadkii.
39 boqolkiiba waxay ku sugan yihiin koonfur-galbeed ee Shiinaha, halkaas oo nadiifinta hal iyo laba jeer ay ka dhici karto.
5 boqolkiiba waxay ka yimaadaan Bartamaha Shiinaha, halkaas oo ay jiraan inta badan laba dalag.
Ugu dambeyntii, 7% baradhada ayaa laga beeraa koonfurta Shiinaha, oo ay ku jiraan Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan iyo Taiwan, halkaasoo laba dalag laga soo goosto.
Muddada gaaban ee koritaanka iyo la qabsiga ballaaran ee baradhada ayaa ka dhigaya mid ku habboon meelo kala duwan iyo noocyada cimilada ee Shiinaha, taas oo u oggolaanaysa wax soo saarka cusub sanadka oo dhan.
Sababo kala duwan dartood, baradhadu waxay leeyihiin awood weyn oo ay ku kordhin karaan meelaha la beeray iyo wax-soosaarka Shiinaha marka loo eego bariiska, sarreenka, ama galleyda.
Xaaladaha hadda jira, muddada gaaban, waxaa suurtagal ah in la saadaaliyo kororka celceliska wax-soo-saarka baradhada laga bilaabo 17 tan / ha ilaa 22 tan / ha iyo kororka acreage laga bilaabo 5,6 milyan hektar ilaa 8,0 milyan hektar. Sida laga soo xigtay falanqeeyayaasha, kobaca dheeraadka ah ee wax-soo-saarka baradhada ayaa gacan ka geysan doona magdhow la'aanta dalagyada si ay si buuxda u daboolaan baahiyaha nafaqeynta ee dadweynaha, iyada oo la tixgelinayo yoolalka ilaalinta cuntada qaranka.
Faa'iidooyinka beeralayda ee baradhada, oo ay ku jiraan dulqaadka dhaxan, dulqaadka abaarta, la qabsiga juqraafiga, iyo wax soo saarka sare, waxay badbaadin karaan kheyraadka waxayna ka qaadi karaan wax soo saarka firileyda ee qaaliga ah.
Baradhada oo qayb ka ah horumarinta meelaha saboolka ah
Sababta kale ee kororka wax soo saarka baradhada waa natiijada dadaallada wadajirka ah ee lagu dhimayo faqriga.
Shiinaha, meelaha saboolka ahi waxay inta badan ku badan yihiin dhulka buuraleyda ah, halkaas oo cimiladu aad u adag tahay oo ay jirto la'aanta kaabayaasha gaadiidka. Beerista baradhada waxay dadka ka caawin doontaa inay siiso kalooriyo nafaqo leh oo ay u baahan yihiin.
Guud ahaan, in ka badan 70% wadarta guud ee beeritaanka baradhada ayaa loo qaybiyaa meelaha saboolka ah ee Shiinaha.
Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, dowladdu waxay dadaalkeeda xoogga saartay yareynta faqriga, gaar ahaan horumarinta warshadaha baradhada ee gobolladan. Tani ma aha oo kaliya inay siiso cunto dadka deegaanka ah, laakiin waa inay sidoo kale bixisaa fursado lagu kordhinayo dakhliga beero qoys oo tiro yar oo badan oo ku yaal meelaha saboolka ah, halkaasoo baradhada beerashada ay ka faa'iido badan tahay bariiska, sarreenka, digirta ama galleyda.
Caafimaad qaba oo nafaqo leh
Sida ay saynisyahannadu sheegeen, baradhada waxa ay bixisa karbohaydraytyo adag si ay u daboolaan baahiyaha tamarta waxana ay ka kooban yihiin fiitamiinno, macdan iyo nafaqeeyayaal aad u badan. Halabuurkani wuxuu aad caan ugu yahay macaamiisha Shiinaha, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin cunto caafimaad leh oo caan ah.
Sida dakhligu kor ugu kaco Shiinaha, dad badan iyo dad badan ayaa xiiseynaya xiriirka ka dhexeeya nafaqada iyo caafimaadka.
Tusaale ahaan, wakhtigan xaadirka ah, PRC waxay si rasmi ah u aqoonsanaysaa qiimaha nafaqeynta ee dalagga badarka ee kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan qamadi, digir, iyo masago. Mawduuca cunista caafimaadka leh ayaa si joogto ah loogu daboolaa saxafada, waxaana mahad leh internetka, macluumaadka ayaa helaya caymis ballaaran.
Cuntooyinka loogu talagalay suxuunta Shiinaha ee baradhada ayaa ka duwan kuwa guud ahaan laga aqbalo Yurub iyo Maraykanka, halkaas oo baradhada inta badan lagu kariyo subagga ama lagu cuno hilib shiilan, taas oo ka duwan habka isticmaalka Shiinaha. Baradhada subagga la shiilay laguma cuno Shiinaha.
Waxa Shiinuhu u baahan yahay inuu sii horumariyo warshadaha baradhada
Xaddidaadda wax-soo-saarka baradhada ee Shiinaha ayaa ah in ay jiraan dhowr nooc oo gobolladooda ah, halka wax badanna looga baahan yahay wax-soo-saarka gudaha ee ugu wanaagsan.
Sidaa darteed, dadaallo dheeri ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loogu isticmaalo kheyraadka jeermiska si loo helo noocyo cusub oo PRC ah.
Baradhada shinnida ee aan Virus-ka lahayn waa dhibaato kale maadaama ay aad qaali ugu tahay Shiinaha. Khubarada ayaa rumeysan inay jirto baahi loo qabo in la hagaajiyo wax soo saarka miraha la wanaajiyay, kuwa aasaasiga ah iyo kuwa ganacsiga, oo ay ku jiraan hirgelinta habab habboon oo lagu ogaanayo fayraska iyo ilaalinta tayada.
Ugu dambeyntii, horumarinta warshadaha baradhada ee Shiinaha ayaa loo baahan yahay. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, soosaarayaasha maxalliga ah waxay ku xisaabtamaan kaliya 5-10% wax soo saarka baradhada, halka Mareykanka in ka badan 70% dalagga baradhada la warshadeeyo.
Cilmi baaris dheeraad ah iyo horumarinta kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo daabulo loona kaydiyo baradhada, kuwaas oo aan si sahlan loo kaydin ama loo qaadin, qayb ahaan sababtoo ah biyaha oo sarreeya. Baradhada cusub waxay u soo baxdaa si fudud waxaana laga yaabaa inay xumaato marka lagu qaado masaafo dheer. Marka la qaado barafaysan ama qaab istaarij ah, qiimuhu aad buu u kordhay.
Taariikh ahaan, siyaasadaha taageerada cuntada ee dawladdu waxay diiradda saareen bariiska, sarreenka iyo badarka kale, laakiin ilaa xad baradhada.
Mustaqbalka, dawladda PRC waa inay bixisaa taageero la mid ah baradhada sida ay siiso badarka.
(Isha: link.springer.com. Qorayaasha: Wang Su, Jian Wang).
Si buuxda u aqri: https://www.agroxxi.ru/stati/kartofelnyi-kitai-istorija-uspeha-kultury-v-otdelno-vzjatoi-strane.html