Wax soo saarka baradhada ayaa ka mid ah arrimaha xaliya dhibaatada joogtada ah iyo bixinta buuxda ee dadweynaha ee cunto, sidaas darteed maahan wax ku dhacay in dalal badan oo horumaray oo adduunka ah uu hoos u dhaco isticmaalka baradhada iyo korodhka. ee isticmaalka alaabta warshadaysan.
Tobannaankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, taranta baradho ayaa la fuliyay iyadoo fiiro gaar ah u shuruudaha sida isticmaalka loogu talagalay dalagga, hagaajinta tayada iyo qiimaha noolaha ee digriiga, iyadoo la tixgelinayo rajada warshadaynta galay adag oo ah alaabta baradho, kuwaas oo ka mid ah. Baradhada qallafsan ayaa ku jirta booska hormuudka ah marka loo eego mugga wax soo saarka. Wadamo badan oo adduunka ah, waxaa jira isbeddel muuqda oo ku wajahan ballaarinta wax soo saarka baradhada ee lagu diyaariyey ganacsiyo khaas ah. Marka tan la eego, abuurista noocyo cusub iyo isku-dhafka baradhada ee ku habboon warshadaynta warshadaha waa aag muhiim ah oo cilmi-baaris saynis ah.
Kala duwanaanshuhu waa qodobka ugu muhiimsan ee kordhinta wax soo saarka iyo qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee tignoolajiyada cusub ee beeritaanka baradhada. Ma aha oo kaliya hantida ugu muhiimsan ee dhaqaalaha iyo macaamiisha alaabadu waxay ku xiran tahay alaabta ilaha, laakiin sidoo kale jihada isticmaalka iyo suuq-geynta dalagga la beeray. Xilli kasta oo ka mid ah horumarinta warshadaha waxay u baahan tahay istaraatijiyad doorasho ku filan oo daruuri ah oo firfircoon.
Dhaqanka taranta adduunku wuxuu muujinayaa in abuurista noocyo cusub oo baradho ah oo leh karti la-qabsi oo sarreeya ay bixiso horumar dhab ah oo ku saabsan kordhinta wax-soo-saarka iyo tayada wax-soo-saarka ee isbeddelka xaaladaha koritaanka-cimilada iyadoo la dhimayo culeyska cayayaanka iyo hagaajinta xaaladda deegaanka ee deegaanka.
Marka tan la eego, horumarinta dardargelinta iyo ganacsiga ee noocyada rajo-gelinta ah ee taranta gudaha, kuwaas oo aan ka hooseynin analogues shisheeye ee ugu fiican, waa qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee tiknoolajiyada wax soo saarka baradhada cusub. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kor u qaadida guulaha taranka cusub ee ka mid ah Diiwaanka Gobolka ee Ruushka waxaa lagu fuliyaa xawaare aad u gaabis ah, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in xaaladaha dabiiciga ah iyo cimilada ee gobollo badan oo dalkeenna ah ayaa noo ogolaanaya inaan u tixgelinno inay yihiin kuwo rajo ah abaabulka. wax soo saarka baradhada shinnida. Sababtan awgeed, soosaarayaasha badeecadaha waaweyni waxay sii wadaan inay iibsadaan qadar aad u badan oo ah abuurka noocyada ajnabiga ah, ugu horreyntii laga bilaabo shirkadaha taranka ee Yurub iyo abuurka, si loogu sii daayo Ruushka. Ka gudubka isbeddelka joogtada ah ee saamiga noocyada baradhada gudaha iyo ku-tiirsanaanta soo dejinta abuurka waa suurtogal haddii tartanka noocyada cusub ee la abuuray uu kordho iyo soo saarista alaabta abuurka shahaadaysan ay korodho.
Iyadoo horumarinta warshadaynta warshadaha, dhibaatada ayaa kacday la'aanta alaabta ceeriin ee leh sifooyinka lagama maarmaanka ah - ma jiraan wax dhab ah oo kala duwan, iyo kuwa la heli karo ee lagu taliyay wax soo saarka cuntada si ku filan looma baran. Aagga sii kordhaya ayaa sidoo kale saameyn weyn ku leh, tusaale ahaan, tayada baradhada qallafsan. Ilaa inta ugu badan, sifooyinka dhaqaale ee qiimaha leh ee baradhada waxay ku xiran yihiin xaaladaha xilliga koritaanka.
Shuruudaha tayada digriiga ee farsamaynta way kala duwan yihiin iyadoo loo eegayo badeecada la beegsanayo. Muhiimad weyn ayaa ah kuwa anatomical, morphological, biochemical, iyo tilmaamayaasha organoleptic. Sidaa darteed, horumarinta noocyo gaar ah oo ku habboon in la abuuro cunto-dhammaystir ah oo diyaar u ah in la cuno, iyo sidoo kale isticmaalka ujeedooyinka farsamada, ayaa ku habboon.
Markaad taranta noocyo gaar ah oo loogu talagalay badeecadaha baradhada, shuruudo gaar ah ayaa lagu soo rogay waxyaabaha qalalan (20-25%) iyo dhimista sonkorta (0,2-0,5%), taas oo go'aamisa tayada alaabta la dhammeeyay.
Si loo farsameeyo warshadaha, digriiga ugu habboon waa wareegsan, wareegsan oo wareegsan oo wareegsan-oval-oval, maaddaama tani ay fududeyneyso kala-soocidda baradhada, waxay yareysaa qashinka inta lagu jiro nadiifinta iyo dhaawaca farsamada, waxayna kordhisaa dhalidda alaabta caadiga ah. Soo saarista baradhada qafiifka ah (chips), baradho qaan-gaar ah oo leh waxyaabo qalalan oo ugu yaraan 17% ah ayaa loo baahan yahay Ogosto ilaa Sebtembar, ugu yaraan 20 ... 24% sanadka intiisa kale, cufnaanta - 720 kg / m3 . Maaddada yaraynta sonkorta ma aha wax ka badan 0,25%, qaybinta labiskooda oo dhan mugga tuberka. Baradhadu waa in aanay si la yaab leh u ururin yaraynta sonkorta inta lagu jiro kaydinta oo si dhakhso ah u yareeyaan heerka dhimista sonkorta ilaa heerar la isticmaali karo inta lagu jiro dib-u-qaboojinta ka dib kaydinta heerkulka hooseeya. Baradhada qaangaarka ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo soo saaro shiilan faransiis ah. Qaabka digriiga waa dulun, wareegsan-oval, oo lagu simay ocelli-gacmeed. Dhererka - 50 mm ama ka badan. Maaddooyinka adag - laga bilaabo 20 ilaa 24%, hoos u dhigista sonkorta - la mid ah baradhada crispy, cufnaanta - 720 kg / m3. Noocyo baradho ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa, digriiga kuwaas oo aan lahayn mugdi aan enzymatic ahayn ee saxarka ka dib diirinta, dubista, inta lagu jiro qaboojinta iyo ka dib dhalaalidda. Baradhadu waa inaysan si muuqata u ururin hoos u dhigista (yaraynta) sonkorta inta lagu jiro kaydinta oo si dhakhso ah u yareeyaan heerkooda qiimaha la aqbali karo inta lagu jiro dib u habeynta ka dib kaydinta heerkulka hooseeya.
Muhiimadda ugu weyn ee soo saarista badeecooyinka baradhada ayaa ah nuxurka yaraynta sonkorta ee digriiga, kuwaas oo ah wakiilada oxidizing xooggan iyo, marka ay la falgalaan xeryahooda amino, ammonia ama peptides fudud, waxay sameeyaan xeryahooda melanoidin madow madow oo leh midab Ruby ah, saameynaya tayada alaabta la helay. Maaddada yaraynta sonkorta ee digriiga waa sifo kala duwan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, tilmaame tani ma sii joogto ah oo kala duwan iyadoo ku xiran xaaladaha koritaanka, kaydinta iyo maturity ee digriiga.
Liiska ilaha suugaanta ee la adeegsaday:
1. Zhevora, S.V. Baradhada: dhibaatooyinka iyo rajada / S.V. Zhevora, B.V. Anisimov, E.A. Simakov, E.V. Oats, S.N. Zebrin // Baradhada iyo khudaarta. - 2019. - No. 7. - p. 13-17.
2. Zemtsova, M.A. Qiimaynta tignoolajiyada ee noocyada baradhada ee ku haboonaanshada baradhada qallafsan iyo shiilan faransiiska / M.A. Zemtsova, I.I. Timofeeva // Ilaalinta baradhada. - 2011. - No. 1. - S. 17-20.
3. Pshechenkov, K.A. Tayada macaamiisha ee digriiga iyo baradhada crispy ku xiran tahay kala duwan, xaaladaha sii kordhaya iyo kaydinta / K.A. Pshechenkov, O.N. Davydenkova // Arrimaha koraya baradhada. Cilmi tr VNIIKH. - M., 2003. - S. 90-99.