Noocyo cusub oo baradho ah, tignoolajiyada ka ilaalinta dhirta cudurada iyo cayayaanka ayaa lagu soo bandhigay siminaar cilmi baaris iyo wax soo saar ah oo ka dhacay Machadka Cilmi-baarista Koonfurta Ural ee Beerista iyo Koritaanka Baradhada (YUNIISK) ee Chelyabinsk. Maamulayaasha iyo hawlwadeenada Machadka ayaa ka hadlay natiijooyin cusub oo ka soo baxay taranta baradhada.
Siminaarka ayaa waxaa ka soo qeyb galay jilayaal Wasiir ku xigeenka koowaad ee beeraha gobolka Chelyabinsk Alexander Zavalishchin iyo madaxa waaxda wax soo saarka dalagga iyo noocyada yaryar ee beeraha ee Wasaaradda Beeraha ee gobolka Yuri Zasypkin, madaxa cusub ee YuUNIISK - laan ka mid ah Cilmi-baarista Beeraha Federaalka ee Ural. Xarunta Laanta Ural ee Akadeemiyada Sayniska ee Ruushka (Ural Agrarian Scientific Center) Nikolai Glaz, iyo sidoo kale wakiillada shirkadaha alaab-qeybiyaha ee alaabta ilaalinta dhirta, machadyada sayniska ee gobollada Sverdlovsk iyo Orenburg, agronomists of South Ural baradhada shirkadaha sii kordhaya.
Furitaanka siminaarka, Alexander Zavalishchin ayaa xusay in maanta gobolka Chelyabinsk uu guulo wanaagsan ka gaaray wax soo saarka xoolaha, gaar ahaan digaaga iyo hilibka doofaarka - qiimeynta gobollada Ruushka, waxay ku jirtaa kaalinta labaad iyo lixaad, siday u kala horreeyaan. Gobolku waxa kale oo uu muujinayaa natiijooyin wanaagsan habaynta badarka iyo beerashada abuurka saliidda. Baradhada ayaa sidoo kale lagu beeraa tiro aad u badan, labadaba ganacsiyada la wadaago iyo guryahaba.
"Sanadka 2018, hay'adaha beeraya baradhada iyo beeraha oo keliya ayaa koray oo soo goostay 146 kun oo tan oo baradho ah," ayuu yiri ku-simaha agaasimaha. Wasiir-ku-xigeenka koowaad, - Labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, tani waa goos goos taariikhi ah oo ka soo go'ay gobolka. Tiradan, 40 kun oo tan oo baradho ah ayaa loo dhoofiyaa iib ahaan meel ka baxsan gobolka. Kordhinta mugga wax-soo-saarka, wax-soo-saarayaashu waxay la kulmaan dhibaatada iibinta dhammaan alaabooyinkaas. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in iibsadayaasha iyo silsiladaha tafaariiqda aysan ku qanacsanayn wax. Waa lagama maarmaan in la falanqeeyo xaaladda suuqa, shuruudaha ganacsiga iyo in la sameeyo codsi saynisyahano si ay u abuuraan noocyo kala duwan oo baahida suuqa ah.
Madaxa Machadka, Musharaxa Culuumta Beeraha, ayaa ka hadlay Noocyo cusub oo baradho ah oo lagu soo beeray SUNIISC oo maanta lagu sameeyay tijaabo heer qaran ah. Nikolay Glaz :
- Jihada rajo noo ah waa abuurista noocyo ku habboon farsamaynta warshadaha. Hadda, noocyada kala duwan ee baradhada Zakhar waxa uu marayaa baadhitaano kala duwan oo gobolka ah oo muujinaya natiijooyin horudhac ah oo wanaagsan. Waxaan rajaynaynaa in iyadoo lagu salaynayo natiijada tijaabada 2020, kala duwanaanshahan la gobolayn doono. Kala duwanaanshaha baradhada Kashtak, oo ah nooca degdega ah, ayaa loo gudbiyay tijaabada gobolka 2018.
2019, noocyo cusub oo u adkaysta kansarka iyo nematode, oo hoos yimaada magaca shaqada "Albatross" Kala duwanaanshahan ayaa leh wax-soo-saar dhan 50 ton hektarkiiba, istaarijku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 18 boqolkiiba, iyo dhadhan aad u fiican. Heerarka sare ee caabbinta cudurrada iyo nolosha shelf ee aad u fiican inta lagu jiro kaydinta.
Mid ka mid ah isbeddellada taranta casriga ah waa abuurista noocyo leh saxarka tuber midab leh, Nikolai Glaz ayaa sii waday. - Mid ka mid ah muunadahan ayaa la qorsheeyay in loo gudbiyo tijaabada mustaqbalka dhow. Guulaha machad-kordhinta baradhada ayaa aad u danaynaya dadweynaha gobolka Chelyabinsk. Macaamiishu waxay qadariyaan tayada dhadhanka sare ee noocyadayada. Ilaalinta tayada abuurka sare ee digriiga baradhada la beeray waxaa lagu hubiyaa bogsiinta meristem iyo soo saarista abuurka asalka ah.
Waxaa ka mid ah noocyada lagu beeray SKNIISK sannadihii la soo dhaafay oo ay marayaan imtixaannada kala duwan ee gobolka, waxaa habboon in la xuso Kuzovok, Braslet, Kavaler, Itil. Noocyadaasi waxay u taagan yihiin sidii ay u adkaysan lahaayeen cudurrada iyo ilaalinta wanaagsan.
Maanta, ganacsiyada sii kordhaya ee baradhada waxay inta badan koraan baradhada noocyada Nevsky - in ka badan kala badh qaabka guud ee warshadaynta warshadaha ee gobolka Chelyabinsk - 1549 hektar. Noocyada kala duwan ee YUNIISK waxay haystaan qayb aad u yar - noocyada Tarasov - 22 hektar, noocyada Spiridon - kaliya 5 hektar. Tirada guud ee noocyada maanta laga beero gobolka Chelyabinsk waa 25, kuwaas oo kaliya shan nooc ayaa loo qoondeeyay beerista aagga Koonfurta Urals. Marka laga soo tago Nevsky, beeritaanka ugu weyn waxaa ku nool noocyada Romano iyo Rosara, ee xulashada Holland iyo Jarmalka, siday u kala horreeyaan.
Madaxa waaxda wax-soo-saarka dalagga iyo noocyada yar yar ee beeraha ee wasaaradda beeraha ee gobolka Yuri Zasypkin, ayaa khudbadiisa ku sheegay in loo baahan yahay in la kordhiyo wax soo saarka abuurka baradhada. Waxa uu xusay in sanadkii hore dib loo habayn lagu sameeyay Machadka South Ural ee Beeraha iyo Beerista Baradhada iyadoo lagu biiriyay laan ka mid ah Xarunta Cilmi-baarista Beeraha ee Ural, iyadoo taasi la xiriirtana ay heshay dardar cusub oo horumarineed.
"Marka loo eego dheelitirka saadaasha, qiyaastii 2019 kun oo tan oo baradho ah ayaa lagu beeri doonaa ganacsiyada beeraha sanadka 120," ayuu yiri Yuri Zasypkin. - Muggani wuxuu ku filan yahay in lagu bixiyo dhinacyada bulshada iyo dadweynaha gobolka, iyada oo la tixgelinayo alaabta dibadda laga keeno. Wax soo saarka baradhada ayaa inta badan ku badan aagagga u dhow Chelyabinsk - kuwani waa degmooyinka Argayashsky, Sosnovsky iyo Krasnoarmeysky. Waxay ka yihiin in ka badan 75% wadarta wax soo saarka baradhada ee gobolka. Si joogto ah u ballaaran oo hoos baradho in JSC Agricultural Enterprise "Krasnoarmeyskoe" (400 hektar), Enterprise Production "Chernovskoy" (400 hektar), Beeralayda Mursalov - (270 hektar), OJSC "Sovkhoz Akbashevsky" (250 hektar). Meesha ugu weyn ee beeritaanka baradhada ayaa ku taal beerta beeralayda ah ee Makhmadov - in ka badan 600 hektar; beertan sidoo kale maanta waa shuraako ka mid ah machadka kobcinta baradhada.
Yuri Zasypkin waxa uu si faahfaahsan ugu sheegay ka qaybgalayaasha siminaarka taageerada dawladda hadda jirta ee ganacsiyada beeraya baradhada. Beeralayda baradhada ayaa ka faa'iideysan kara taageerada aan la xiriirin: sanadka 2019, miisaaniyada gobolka ayaa loo qoondeeyay 23 milyan oo rubles beerashada baradhada abuurka iyo khudradda dhulka furan, iyo 35 milyan oo loogu talagalay beerista baradhada cuntada iyo miraha saliidda. Si aad u kabid wax soo saarka abuurka elite - 101 milyan oo rubles. Intaa waxaa dheer, miisaaniyaddu waxay bixisaa taageerada gobolka ee iibsashada mashiinnada beeraha ee qadarka sanadlaha ah ee 200 million rubles, kabitaannada dhismaha xarumaha beeraha, tusaale ahaan, xarumaha kaydinta baradhada, oo ah qadarka 115 million rubles. Wadarta guud ee taageerada gobolka ee iibsashada bacrimiyeyaasha macdanta waa 40 milyan oo rubles, dib u soo celinta dhul beereed wax soo saarka beeraha - 30 milyan oo rubles.
Intii lagu guda jiray siminaarka, mowduuca ugu muhiimsan ee ka ilaalinta baradhada cudurrada kala duwan ayaa la soo qaaday: bararka dambe, nematodes, blight Alternaria iyo kuwa kale. Lyudmila Kuznetsova, oo ah wakiilka gobolka ee shirkadda ee gobolka Chelyabinsk, ayaa ka warbixisay dawooyinka Bayer ee si wax ku ool ah uga hortagaya cudurrada. Waxay ka hadashay fungicides-ka waxtarka leh ee ka hortagga dhammaan cudurrada baradhada, iyo sidoo kale ka hortagga haramaha.
Madaxa waaxda ilaalinta dhirta ee laanta machadka miisaaniyada dawlada dhexe "Rosselkhoztsentr" ee gobolka Chelyabinsk, Ksenia Vanina, ayaa u sheegay ka qaybgalayaasha siminaarka xaalada phytosanitary ee beeritaanka baradhada ee Koonfurta Urals ee 2019. Waxaa sidoo kale ka mid ahaa ku xigeenka madaxa Machadka Cilmi-baarista Ural ee Beeraha (Ekaterinburg), musharaxa cilmiga beeraha Alexander Shanin.
Wuxuu ka hadlay xaaladda taranta baradhada gudaha degmada Federaalka ee Ural iyo guud ahaan Ruushka. Dhakhtarka Sayniska Beeraha Alexander Mushinsky, oo madax ka ah waaxda kobcinta baradhada ee Xarunta Sayniska Federaalka ee Nidaamyada Biological iyo Agrotechnologies ee Akademiyada Ruushka ee Sayniska, ayaa u sheegay dhagaystayaasha natiijooyinka tijaabada kala duwan ee baradhada ee YuUNIISK ee aagga steppe ee Gobolka Orenburg.
Iyadoo qayb ka ah siminaarka, ka qaybgalayaashu waxay booqdeen goobo tijaabo ah oo ku yaal beeraha SUNIISC, halkaas oo ay ku tijaabiyeen beero tijaabo ah oo noocyo kala duwan oo baradho ah iyo dhadhamin cuntooyinka laga soo diyaariyey baradhadan.
Xarunta saxaafadda Wasaaradda Beeraha
Gobolka Chelyabinsk