Sergey Banadysev, Dhakhtarka Sayniska Beeraha, Madaxa barnaamijka taranka ee Teknolojiyada Doka-Gene LLC
Beerista dhirta iyo horumarka gaabiska bilowga xilliga koriinka ayaa go'aamiya xasaasiyadda sare ee baradhada si ay u sumoobaan beeraha. Haramaha ayaa si weyn u yareeya wax soo saarka baradhada, gaar ahaan marka loo tartamayo iftiinka, cuntada iyo biyaha ay uga sii darayaan xaaladaha sii kordhaya ee liita ama cudurada. Haramaha ayaa sidoo kale si ba'an u carqaladeeya goosashada, iyadoo xireysa qeybaha shaqada ee qalabka isla markaana wiiqaysa kala go'ida ciidda. Waxay kayd u yihiin cuduro badan oo baradho iyo cayayaan, taas oo horseedaysa hoos u dhac toos ah oo ku yimaada tayada dalagga. Doorka cawsku ku leeyahay faafida cudurada waxaa ugu wacan xiriir toos ah oo ay la yeeshaan dhirta baradhada hadday dhacdo faafis farsamo iyo aphids. Xilliga dheer ee baradhada waxay u oggolaaneysaa inta badan noocyada haramaha inay gumeystaan, taas oo horseedda jiritaanka fayrasyada abuurka. Abuurku wuxuu ku faafaa cudurada kaliya geedka hooyada ilaa faraca, laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu ku faafiyaa dhulal kale. Haramaha oo ah isha cudurku waxay muhiimad gaar ah u leeyihiin soosaarka abuurka baradhada, hawsha ugu weyn ee laga leeyahayna waa soo saarista walax abuur oo ka fayow cudurrada.
Ka mid ah haramaha baahsan, waxaa jira keyd badan oo cudurada viral. In ka badan 100 nooc ayaa isku uruursada Y-virus-ka iyo baradhada lafdhabarta ah ee loo yaqaan 'tuber spindle tuber viroid'. Kuwani waa xuubka xuubka, madow madow, buluugga buluugga ah, veronica (noocyada), xargaha xargaha, galinsoga ubax yar, shimbiraha dhaadheer, buuraha dhalada leh, buckwheat bindweed, xaleef macaan, sandwiat cad, barberry, xiddig caan ah, cagaarshowga loo yaqaan 'lacfiola jaundice', flaxwort-ka caadiga ah , Maryan cad, hooyo-iyo-aabe, euphorbia sungazer, reexaanta beerta, beero yamaarugyada, lelndelion daawo, habeyn madow, boorsada adhijirka, qajaar la wada cuno, sariirta xasiloon, plantain, dacarta caadiga ah, sarreenka, digaagga duurjoogta ah, miraha caadiga ah, fardaha beerta . Khatarta ugu weyn ee ah soo urursadayaasha fayrasku waa haramaha daaqa - beero yamaarugyada, gurguurta sarreenka, plantain, dacarta, maxaa yeelay caabuqu wuxuu ku sii jirayaa xilliga qaboobaha rhizomes waxaana lagu kala qaadaa dhirta daaqsinka ah ee xilliga soo socda. Nightshade, henbane, yamaarug, faashad cad, alwaax, reexaanta berrinka, dandelion, nettle, clover, hops waa dhirta martida loo yahay ee loo yaqaan 'nematode stem', taas oo noqotay cayayaan aad iyo aad u fara badan oo iniinis ah iyo baradho baako. Noocyada duurjoogta ah ee qoyska Solanaceae - sida habeen madow, qadhaadh, madoowga henbane - waxay ku hayaan caabuqa bakteeriyada beeraha muddo dheer. Baradhada haramaha, oo ku tarma kaliya qashin qubka, laakiin sidoo kale beeraha iyadoo ay sabab u tahay qaboobaha oo aad iyo aad u fudud, waxay noqonayaan il gaar ah oo cudurada keena. (hababka loo xakameeyo baradhada sida cawska waxaa lagu sharaxay joornaalka "Nidaamka Baradhada" Lambarka 3, 2019).
Xakameynta haramaha kiimikada ayaa ah cunsur lama huraan u ah teknolojiyadda casriga ah ee baradho soo koraya. Kala qoqobnaanta adduunka Dhirta doogga ee loo isticmaalo baradhada aad ayey u kala duwan tahay waxaana ka mid ah xeryo firfircoon oo lagu dilo haramaha ka hor inta aan la beerin, ka hor biqilka iyo inta lagu jiro xilliga sii kordhaya ee baradhada. Kahor baradhada dalal kala duwan ka kooban, maaddooyinka firfircoon (d.v.-va) waxaa loo isticmaalaa: glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, ammonium glufosinate, dimethamide, fomesafen, methobromuron, linuron, prometrin, metribuzin, eptam, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, clomazone, , propisochlor, prosulfocarb, pendimethalin, flurochloridone, flufenacet. Inta lagu jiro xilliga sii kordhaya, xirmo dhammaystiran oo baradhada la jaan qaadi karta dvv.waxaa ka mid ah bentazone, MCPA, metribuzin, rimsulfuron, chizalofopethyl, fluazifop - P-butyl, cedodim, propachizafop. Xaddiga isticmaalka xeryahooda firfircoon ee kaladuwan aad ayey ugu kala duwan yihiin sababo la xiriira darajooyinka kala duwan ee ku habboonaanta teknoolojiyada beerashada deegaanka, carrada iyo xaaladaha cimilada, iyo qaababka haramaha. Marka, doogga oo salka ku haya eptam, treflan, C-metolachlor, oo u baahan ku darista carrada, ayaa dhab ahaan loo isticmaalaa oo keliya baradhada ka baxda USA iyo Canada. Dhirta doogga ah ee joogtada ah ee ay kujiraan glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, piraflufen, ammonium glufosinate waxay wax ku ool yihiin oo kaliya kahortaga haramaha daaqsinka, ma saameyn doonaan dhirta goor dambe soo bixi doonta Doogagga oo dhammi ma haystaan wakhti ay ku soo baxaan ka hor caleemaha baradhada. Diyaargarowyadani waa inaysan ku dhicin baradhada xaalad kasta. Sidaa darteed, xeerarka isticmaalkooda waxaa ka mid ah ereyada soo socda - "Ilaa inta u muuqanayo dildilaaca carrada ama daloolka ciidda." - sawirka 1,2. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaan ula jeednaa dildilaaca ay abuureen baradhada soo baxday. Dillaacyadan dhexdooda, doogga joogtada ahi wuxuu waxyeeleeyaa baradhada.
Shay kasta oo firfircoon oo doogga xulashada leh wuxuu leeyahay nooc u gooni ah tallaabo haramaha. Waxaa jira haramaha u adkaysata dhammaan doogga dhirta ku jira - gope caadi ah, hilib geeljireed, geranium la faafiyey (Shaxda 1-3). Ma jiro D.-in., Xulashada baradhada, laakiin awood u leh inuu burburiyo dhammaan noocyada dhirta. Molecules of hizalafopetil, fluazifop-P-butyl, propachisaphop, celodime waxaa loogu talagalay inay xakameyso noocyada haramaha galleyda. Metobromuron, metribuzin, linuron, promethrin, rimsulfuron waxay leeyihiin firfircoonida ugu ballaaran ee waxqabadka. Cobweed wuxuu iska caabin u yahay metribuzin, madoow madow, hal sano jir bluegrass, prometrin - bluegrass sanadle, filin purpurea, purpurea purpurea, field butyl, gauze white to rimsulfuron, highlanders, bindweed, Sophia decurania, dope caadi, madoow madow, porcine. Sababtaas awgeed, dhir isku dhafan, laba geesood ah, isku-darka taangiyada iyo daweynta xilliyada kaladuwan ee xilliga koritaanka ayaa bilaabay in loo isticmaalo si ka sii ballaadhan.
Jadwalka 1. Muuqaalka ficil ee walxaha firfircoon ee doogga (Rebarz K., 2019)
Walax firfircoon | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caws | Bentazone | Hizalafoptil | Clomazon | Cyclocidim | Fluazitop-R-butyl | Flufenacet | Fluorochloride | Kletodim | MSPA | Metobromuron | Metribuzin | Pendimethalin | Prophase | Propizochlor | Prosulfocarb | Rimsulfuron | Tepraloxydim |
Datura caadi ah | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Geranium baa la faafiyay | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Biljir caam ah | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | + | ++ | - | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | ++ |
Dymyanka officinalis | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | - | ++ | - |
Violet Field | + | - | - | - | - | ++ | + | - | - | ++ | ++ | + | - | + | + | + | - |
Asterisk dhexdhexaad | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | + | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | - | + | ++ | ++ | - |
Wanku waa dhashaa. | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - |
Mary White | + | - | + | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | + | ++ | + | - |
Creeper | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Garoonka Cirsium | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - |
Pyrey oo gurguurta | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ |
Pikulnik caadiga ah | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
Veronica | + | - | + | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | + | - | - | ++ | - | - |
Kanadiyaanka yar yar ee canada ah | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Nadiifinta | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | + | - | - | + | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ | - |
Habeen madow | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
Highlander | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
Highlander | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
Highlander Bindweed | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | - |
Mayweed | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | + | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Is-dilidda kufsiga | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | + | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | + | ++ | - |
Horsetail | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Shiritsa dib ayaa loo tuuray | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Boorsada Adhijirka | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Doomaha duurka | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Bluegrass sanadle | - | ++ | + | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | + | ++ | - | ++ | + | - | ++ |
Midab cagaaran | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | - | + | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | ++ |
Galinsoga yar ayaa daatay | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | + | - |
Halyeey: ++ - weed xasaasi ah; + - gocondhadu waa mid dhexdhexaad ah oo xasaasi ah; - - weedku waa iska caabbina.
Shaxda 2. Waxtarka herbicides ganacsiga ugu weyn, Jarmalka 2020
Jadwalka 3. Kala-cabireedka ficilka doogga (Phelan S., Scotland, 2017)
Noocyada geedaha | Awoodda Zencor | Zenkor kadib. | Calool | Linuron dovsh. | Sheegid довсх. | Lingo dovsh. | Stallion dovskh. | Dikvat dovsh. | Spotlight ku dar. | Titus ka dib. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bluegrass sanadle | S | S | S | MR | S | MS | S | MS | ||
Xadhig sanadeed | S | S | MS | S | S | |||||
Highlander Bindweed | R | MS | S | S | ||||||
Habeen madow | R | MS | R | S | S | S | S | MS | ||
Highlander Bindweed | MS | S | MS | S | S | S | MS | |||
Caws madow | S | MS | S | MR | MR | S | ||||
Dabo digaag | S | S | S | S | MR | S | S | S | ||
Asterisk dhexdhexaad | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | |
Nadiifinta | R | R | MS | MR | S | S | MS | S | S | S |
Mayweed | MS | S | S | S | ||||||
Mint garoonka | R | S | ||||||||
Geranium baa la faafiyay | MS | S | MS | |||||||
Pyrey oo gurguurta | R | S | ||||||||
Stem Lobule | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | |
Mary White | S | S | S | S | MS | S | S | S | MR | |
Doomaha duurka | S | S | S | S | S | MS | ||||
Dymyanka officinalis | S | S | MS | R | MR | S | MS | S | ||
Ragwort | S | S | S | S | MS | S | S | MS | ||
Pikulnik caadiga ah | S | S | S | S | MR | S | S | S | ||
Buckwheat | MS | MS | S | MR | MS | S | S | S | MS | |
Mayweed | S | S | S | S | MR | MS | S | MS | S | |
Iniin khardal cad | S | |||||||||
Is-beero rapeseed | S | S | S | R | S | MR | MS | S | S | |
Doorku wuu fidayaa | S | S | S | S | MS | MS | S | S | MS | |
Highlander | S | S | S | S | MS | MS | S | S | MS | |
Violet Field | S | MS | S | S | MS | MR | S | S | MS | |
Poppy Cajiib ah | S | S | S | S | MR | S | MS | |||
Highlander Scaley | S | S | S | S | S | MS | MS | S | S | S |
Galleyda dabka lagu shito | MS | R | ||||||||
Ryegrass Perennial | S | S | MR | |||||||
Flaxseed | R | R | R | MS | ||||||
Creeper | S | S | S | |||||||
Boorsada Adhijirka | S | S | MS | S | S | S | S | |||
Sorrel curly | S | S | ||||||||
Osot waa jaalle | MS | MS | MS | S | MS | S | MS | |||
Veronica | S | S | S | S | S | MS | S | S | S | |
Ovsyug | R | MS | MR | S | MS |
S = xasaasi ah, MS = dhexdhexaad xasaasi ah R = xasilloon MR = dhexdhexaad u adkaysta
Marka, gudaha USA sanadka 2020 waxaa la soo jeediyay in loo isticmaalo isku darka taangiyada daaweynta ka hor soo bixitaanka iyadoo lagu saleynayo pendimethalin, eptam, C-metolachlor, metribuzin, rimsulfuron iyo zetoxydim. Kanada gudaheeda, isku darka metribuzin ee leh linuron, glufosinate, sulfentrazone ayaa sidoo kale lagu taliyay (Shaxda 4).
Shaxda 4. Kalasoocidda doogga baradho ee Kanada illaa 2020
CODSIGII LAGU QAADAY HERBICIDE | Aaga Buffer | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Macluumaad dheeri ah, fadlan tixraac Xusuus-qorka Dhiqa-goosashada, Jadwalka Xulashada Dhiib-qorka iyo sumadaha sheyga. | Dejinta | Hazard | Waqtiga Galitaanka Xaddidan | Xilliga Goosashada Kahor | Group | |||||
Magaca Kiimikada | Koorsada | Wax soo saar / ha | Diyaarsanaha | Dhul-gariir | Biyaha <1m | |||||
KA HOR INTAAN QORSHE | ||||||||||
EPTC | ePTA | 4.25-8.5 L / ha | None | EC | VLH | 24 | 45 | 8 | 4 | 1 |
glyphosate 1 | Kaladuwan: Round-up iwm | 2.5-7 L / ha | Ikhtiyaar | SN | VLH | 12 | - | 9 | 15 | 15 |
s-metolachlor | Labaad Magnum | 1.25-1.75 L / ha | None | EC | VLH | 12 | - | 15 | - | 29 |
KA HORTAGA XAALADA | ||||||||||
dimethenamid-p | Frontier Max, Muuqaalka | 0.756-0.963 L / ha | None | EC | LH | 24 | 40 | 15 | 3 | 1 |
guri badbaado | Reflex | 1 L / ha | Ikhtiyaar | SN | LH | 12 | 70 | 14 | 15 | 15 |
glufosinate | Diido | 2.7-5 L / ha | None | SN | VLH | 12 | - | 10 | 1 | 1 |
glyphosate 1 | Kaladuwan: Round-up iwm | 2.5 L / ha | Ikhtiyaar | SN | VLH | 12 | - | 9 | 15 | 15 |
linuur | Lorox L | 2.25-4.5 L / ha | None | SU | VLH | 24 | - | 7 | - | - |
linuron + s-metolachlor | Lorox LDual II Magnum | 1.9-2.3 L / ha 1.25-1.75 L / ha | None | SU EC | VLH | 24 | - | 7 15 | - | 29 |
metribuzin | Sencor, Tricor, Squadron Sencor 500 FL, Metrix | 0.55 - 1.5 kg / ha ama 0.85 - 2.25 L / ha | None | D.F.SU | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin + glufosinate | Sencor 500FL Metrix Diido | 1.1 L / ha 2.7-5 L / ha | None | SU SN | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 10 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin+ linuur | Sencor, Tricor, Squadron Lorox L | 0.55 - 1.1 kg / ha 1.6-3.75 L / ha | None | DF SU | VLH | 24 | 60 | 5 7 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin+ s-metolachlor | Sencor, Tricor, Squadron Labaad Magnum | 0.55 - 1.5 kg / ha 1.25-1.75 L / ha | None | DF EC | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 15 | 10 | 29 |
metribuzin+ s-metolachlor | Xidhiidhka: Tricor + UPI S-MET | 0.55 kg / ha 1.3 L / ha | None | DF | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 15 | 10 | 29 |
metribuzin / s-metolachlor | Xuduudaha LQD | 1.85-2.5 L / ha | None | EC | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 15 | 10 | 29 |
metribuzin + sulfentrazone | Sencor STZ | 0.6 - 0.8 kg / ha 0.16-0.22 L / ha | None | DF FL | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 14 | 10 | 5 |
XAALADAHA KA DAMBEEYA EE SAXIIXA (KA DIYAARIN HADAAN QAYB QAAD) | ||||||||||
metribuzin | Sencor, Tricor, Squadron Sencor 500FL Metrix | 0.55 - 1.5 kg / ha 0.85 - 2.25 L / ha | None | DF SU | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin+ rimsulfuron | Tiitos: Tricia + Prism | 0.28 - 0.375 kg / ha 60 g / ha + 0.2% v / v | Aan-ahayn | DF SG | LH | 12 | 60 | 5 2 | 10 | 5 |
XAALADA BADBAADADA | ||||||||||
Clethodim | Xullo / Arrow | 0.19-0.38 L / ha + 0.5-1.0% v / v | Saaxiib ama X-Xeer | EC | VLH | 12 | 60 | 1 | 15 | - |
fluazifop-p-butyl | Shirkad L | 1.0 - 2.0 L / ha | None | EC | VLH | - | 45 | 1 | 15 | 15 |
rimsulfuron | Argagixisada, Rimsulfuron | 60 g / ha + 0.2% v / v | Aan-ahayn | SG | LH | 12 | 30 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
sethoxydim | Ultra Poast | 0.32-1.1 L / ha + 1-2 L / ha Sur | Isku dar ama caawi | EC | VLH | 12 | 80 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Qaabaynta: DF - Qalalaasaha Qallalan; EC - Iskuxirka Emulsifiable; SN - Xalka; SU - Hakinta; SG - Dhibaatada Granule Khatarta: LH - Khatarta Hoose; VLH - Khatar Aad u Yar Xusuusin: 1) Qiimaha waxaa loosiiyaa 356 g firfircoonaan / L diyaarinta. Tixraac calaamadda shey gaar ah si aad u hubiso sicirka dalabka saxda ah. Codso ka dib markii haramaha soo baxaan, laakiin ka hor inta barandhada aysan soo bixin, ma jiraan wax haraaga haraaga ah. |
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Kala duwanaanshaha sunta dhirta ee wadamada yurub ayaa si xawli ah hoos ugu dhacay dhowaanahan, iyo awoodaha maamul ee ay ku takhasusay cilmiga bey'ada ee EU-da oo aad u xoogan. Dhawaan, walxaha linuron, diquat waa la mamnuucay, waxaana jira hadal ah mamnuuca metribuzine. Sidaa darteed, qawaaniinta ilaalinta baradhada Jarmalka iyo dhammaan dalalka kale ee baradhada ee sannadka 2020 waxaa ku jira dhowr maaddooyin oo firfircoon (Shaxda 5). Iyada oo wasakhda sare ee beeraha, waxaa lagugula talinayaa in lagu isticmaalo muddada kahor soo bixitaanka iskudhafka bandur + zenkor, novotron + zenkor, proman + novotron, artist + centium 36 (Shaxda 2,5).
Jadwalka 5. Kala-goysyada doogga ah ee Jarmalka muddo 2020.
Haramaha | Daroogada | GHS | Xaddidnaanta dalabka | WZ | Norm | Faahfaahinta |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abuurka dicotyledonous haramaha, sanadlaha bulsheegga ah | Boxer (prosulfocarb) | 07 08 09 | NW - (- / - / *) m NT145,146,170 | F | 4,5 - 5,0 l | Lid ku ah monocotyledonous iyo haraaga dicotyledonous. Kahor inta aadan soo bixin, waxyar ka hor inta aadan ruicin baradho. Ka soo horjeedda noocyada loo yaqaan 'chamomile', 'highlander', 'marie white', waxaad isticmaashaa isku dar ah 'Sencor Liquid' 0,3 - 0,5 l / ha. U isticmaal heerkulka sare iyo huurka hooseeya dalagyada xasaasiga ah (tusaale ahaan, khudradda, geedaha, xididdada, ...) waa in laga fogaadaa. |
Khariidad Santuuq ah Santuuq Sencor (prosulfocarb + metribuzin) | 07 08 09 | NW - (- / - / *) m NW706 NT103,145,146,170 | 42 | 3,0 - 5,0 l + 0,3 - 0,5 l | Lid ku ah monocotyledonous iyo haraaga dicotyledonous. Kahor inta aadan soo bixin, waxyar ka hor inta aadan ruicin baradho. Ka soo horjeedda noocyada loo yaqaan 'chamomile', 'highlander', 'marie white', waxaad isticmaashaa isku dar ah 'Sencor Liquid' 0,3 - 0,5 l / ha. U isticmaal heerkulka sare iyo huurka hooseeya dalagyada xasaasiga ah (tusaale ahaan, khudradda, geedaha, xididdada, ...) waa in laga fogaadaa. | |
Abuurka dicotyledonous haramaha, sanadlaha bulsheegga ah | Sencor Liquid (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | 42 | 0,9 l | Looga soo horjeedo dalagga sanadlaha ah iyo haramaha dicotyledonous. Fasax ka dib, waxyar ka hor soo bixitaan. |
Mistral (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | F | 0,75 kg | ||
Dareeraha Sencor (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NW701, NT102 | 42 | 0,4 - 0,6 l | Ka hortagga haramaha. Gaar ahaan carradu humus leh geedaha haraga ah ilaa 5 cm, baradhada illaa 10 cm. Xasaasiyadda Varietal, fiiro gaar ah yeelo! | |
Mistral (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NW701, NT102 | 42 | 0,3-0,5 kg | ||
Metric (метрибузин + кломазон) | 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW701, NT109,127,149 | F | 1,5 l | Dovskhodovo, oo ka dhan ah dalagga dalaga iyo dicotyledonous. Isku-darka Bandur ama Proman oo loogu talagalay soo-bandhigidda aaminka ah iyo ballaarinta baaxadda waxqabadka. Looma adeegsan karo soo-saarka abuur. | |
Abuurka dicotyledonous haramaha, sanadlaha buluuga ah, dewdrop | Novitron DamTec (alconifen + clomazone) | 07 08 09 | NW - (20/15/5) m NW701, NT108,127,149 | F | 2,4 kg | In ka hor, biqilka ka hor, oo ay weheliyaan dooxooyinka la aasaasay |
Abuurka dicotyledonous haramaha, sanadlaha buluuga ah, dewdrop | Arcade (prosulfocarb + Metribuzin) | 09 | NW - (- / - / 5) m NW706, NT112,145,146,170, NG405 | F | 4,0 - 5,0 l | Dovskhodovo, si loo tunto oo kadib loo gudbo marxaladda BBCH 15. U adeegso heerkulka sare iyo huurka hooseeya dalagyada xasaasiga ah (tusaale ahaan, khudradda, geedaha, xididdada, ...) |
Farshaxan (flufenacet + metribuzin) | 07 08 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | F | 2,0 kg | Waqti ka hor, ka hor jumladda. Carrada fudud illaa 2,0 kg / ha, carrada dhexdhexaadka ah iyo kuwa culus ilaa 2,5 kg / ha. Isticmaal carrabka humus aad u xun waa mid aan macquul ahayn. Lasoco jaangooyaha isku dhafka ah. | |
NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | F | 2,5 kg | ||||
Abuurka dicotyledonous haramaha, sanadlaha buluuga ah, dewdrop | Karooto (rimsulfuron) | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW705, NT108 | F | 50 g + 0,3 l FHS | Marka dhir dhir baradho ah uu yahay 5-20 cm Iska ilaali inaad ku daboosho haramaha caleemo baradho ah. Laguma dul darin baradho abuur mana aha nooc hore ama nooc hore. |
Rimuron 25 WG (rimsulfuron) | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW705, NT108 | F | 50 g + 0,2 l FHS | ||
Proman (metobromuron) | 08 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NG404, NT102 | F | 2,0 - 3,0 l | Dovskhodovo. Ka soo horjeedka sariirta dusheeda waxaa isku jira 2,0 l / ha Proman + tusaale Metric 1,0 l / ha ama Boxer 3,0 l / ha ayaa loo baahan yahay. | |
Dalagyada, marka laga reebo halyeegyada sanadlaha ah | Agil-S (propaquasifop) | 07 09 | F | 0,5 - 1,0 l | Soo bixitaanka haramaha ka dib, marxaladda 2-4- heerka isticmaalka ayaa la hagaajiyaa iyada oo la tixgelinayo nooca dalagga. Qiimaha sare ee ka dhanka ah cowska xilliyeed, bakooradda iyo qulqulka. | |
Xirmooyinka Firfircoon ee Diiradda = Feejignaanta Ultra + Dash (cycloxydim) | 05 07 08 09 | NT101 | 56 | 1,0 - 1,5 l + 1,0 -1,5 l |
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Fusilade MAX (fluazifop-P-ethyl) | 07 08 09 | NT101 | 90 | 1,0 l | ||
Targa Super (quasilofopethyl) | 05 07 08 09 | NT101 | 49 | 0,75 - 1,25 l | ||
Dalagga iyo Midhaha Harvester | Xullo 240 EC + Radiamix (cellodym) | 07 08 09 | NT108 | 60 | 0,75 + 1,0 l | Ka dib geedo laga soo qaatay BBCH 12 illaa iyo gabal u dhac ku dhacay ilaa BBCH 29 |
Iyada oo ay jiraan joogitaanka gurguurta ee cawska | Karooto | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NT103 | F | 30 g + 0,18 l 20 g + 0,12 l | Lid ku ah hadhuudhka iyo haramaha dicotyledonous. Sida ay u kala horreeyaan u buufin dhererkoodu waa 5-20 cm oo leh 8-10 maalmood. Kuma jiro soosaarka abuur iyo noocyo hore ama nooc hore |
Rimuron 25WG | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NT103 | F | 30 g + 0,2 l 20 g + 0,2 l |
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Xirmooyinka Firfircoon ee Diiradda = Feejignaanta Ultra + Dash | 05 07 08 09 | NT101 | 56 | 2,5 + 2,5 l | Ka dib soo ifbaxinta caleemaha baradho ah oo ka dhan ah sarreenka dhererkiisu yahay 15-20 cm dherer ahaan. Cimilada diiran ayaa doorbidaysa saameynta. Xulashada 240 EC sidoo kale waxay qabataa muuqaalka badhanka birta. | |
Is-rasaaseynta MAX | 07 08 09 | NT103 | 90 | 2,0 l | ||
Xulo 240 EC + Radiamix | 07 08 09 | NT109 | 60 | 1,0 + 1,0 l | ||
Targa super | 05 07 08 09 | NT102 | 49 | 2,0 l | ||
*) - ilaali qawaaniinta u gaarka ah wadanka ee fogaanta biyaha! GHS - fasalka halista; WZ waa mudada sugitaanka.
Beeraleyda baradhada ee Ruushka ayaa si rasmi ah loogu oggol yahay inay isticmaalaan geedaha geedaha ku saleysan glyphosate, diquat, MCPA, metribuzin, prometrin, prosulfocarb, flurochloridone iyo isku darka flufenacet + metribuzin muddada soo bixitaanka. Biqilka ka dib, walxaha soo socda ayaa loo oggolaaday: cethodim, rimsulfuron, propaquasifop, cycloxydim, fluazifop-P-butyl, chizalofopethyl iyo isku darka isku dhafan ee ku saleysan cletodim iyo haloxyfop-R - methyl. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah maaddooyinka firfircoon ee waxtar leh (clomazone, bentazone, eptam, C-metolachlor, pendimethalin, iwm) ayaa sidoo kale si rasmi ah loogu adeegsadaa dalagyada kale, laakiin ma haystaan oggolaansho rasmi ah oo baradhada ah. Farqiga u dhexeeya noocyada kaladuwan ee Ruushka ee geedaha sunta lagu cuno ee loo yaqaan 'anti-cereal spectrum' waa mid aan qiimo lahayn; meesha ugu weyn ee haramaha ballaadhan, waxaa lagu muujiyey maqnaanshaha diyaarinno badan oo casri ah oo la isku daray, tiro ka mid ah walxaha firfircoon ee wax ku oolka ah iyo qaab dhismeedka dalabka. Haddii dalal kale noocyo badan oo diyaargarow ah loo isticmaalo, tusaale ahaan, England doog-dilista lambarka 1-aad ee baradhada waxay ahayd waqti dheer oo hadda la mamnuucay sharciyeynta (Sawirka 1), markaa waddankeenna metribuzin iyo geedaha doogga rimsulfuronic ayaa horseed u ah farqi weyn.
Jaantus 1. Aagagga loogu talagalay karsameynta baradho leh doogga Ingiriiska, 2015.
Daawada loo yaqaan 'Metribuzin' waxay sababi kartaa ficil-celinta jirka ee noocyo badan. Falcelinta dhirta baradho walaxda firfircoon waxay kuxiran tahay arrimo badan: astaamaha hidda-socodka ee kala duwan, waqtiga waxsoosaarka, xaddiga roobab iyo heerkulka hawada ka dib marka la isticmaalo, maadada maaddada dabiiciga ee carrada. Inta badan, fal-galinta cayayaanka waxay dhacdaa marka u diyaargarowga ku saleysan walaxdaan firfircoon la isticmaalo kadib biqilka dhirta baradho. Xaaladaha kasii darada, dhacdada ayaa sidoo kale suurtagal ah kadib isticmaalka sunta lagu dilo inta lagu jiro mudada u soo bixitaanka (sawir 3,4).
Dareenka jirka ee 'phytotoxic' ayaa ahmiyad weyn u leh soo saarista abuurka, maadaama ay adkeyneyso ama xitaa aan macquul aheyn in si sax ah loo sameeyo xulasho taban sababo la xiriira astaamo la mid ah oo muujinaya muuqaalka cudurada fayraska. Run, mararka qaarkood daawooyinka ku saleysan metribuzin waxay caawiyaan in la nadiifiyo haddii isugeynta noocyada kaladuwan ay dareen sare u leedahay AI la siinayo. (sawirka 3). Wax soo saarka ganacsiga, waxyeelada ka timaadda metribuzin waxay sababi kartaa hoos u dhac ku yimaada wax soo saar iyo hoos u dhac ku yimaada tirada digriiga, taas oo inta badan lagu arko noocyo leh xilli gaaban oo soo koraya, kuwaas oo haysta waqti aad u yar oo ay ku soo kabsadaan chlorophyll. Shaqooyin badan oo ku saabsan jawaabta phytotoxic-ka ee dhirta loo adeegsado doogga ayaa lagu xoojinayaa in waxsoosaarku uu hoos u dhacayo waxyeelada sii kordheysa. Waxay la socotaa daraasadaha qaarkood in astaamaha yar-yar ee phytotoxicity kaliya aysan yareynin wax-soo-saarka, laakiin, liddi ku ah, kororka ayaa lagu xusay iyada oo loo marayo saameynta sare ee xakameynta haramaha. Sidaa darteed, macluumaad sax ah oo ku saabsan phytotoxicity-ka metribuzin ee noocyo baradho gaar ah waxay u oggolaaneysaa sameynta xeerar ammaan ah oo loo adeegsado mid ama geedo kale oo doog ah.
Waxa jira talooyin ka socda Ururka Baarayaasha Xaraashka ee Yurub (EWRC) oo ku saabsan dhalinta xasaasiyadda jirka (Shaxda 6). Isla mar ahaantaana, macluumaad sax ah oo ku saabsan noocyada way adag tahay in la helo. Haddii aad si madaxbanaan u eegto nooc kasta oo cusub oo ku saabsan sunta cayayaanka, markaa waqtiga loo istcimaayo dilidda sunta ayaa la gelayaa. Sidaa darteed, mid waa inuu hago talo soo jeedinta shirkadaha taranka. Astaamahaan kala duwan ayaa si cad u tilmaamaya midka lama huraanka ah, xaaladaha badanaana waxay horseed u noqotaa shirkadaha taranka inay dar dar geliyaan.
Jadwalka 6. Miisaanka EWRC ee Dhirta Dhirta ku haysa Dhirtu
Miisaan | Astaamaha waxyeelada leh | Astaamaha xasaasiga ah, dhibcaha cabirka | Nooca waxyeelada qaybaha hawada anteenada ee dhirta |
---|---|---|---|
1. | Khasaaro ma leh | Xanaaqsan | Khasaaro ma leh |
2. | Calaamadaha aad u fudud | Dareenka hoose (1,1 -2,0) | Si khafiif ah u iftiimiso geesaha caleen ama xididdada caleen |
3. | Calaamadaha fudud | Dareenka dhexdhexaadka ah (2,1 -4,0) | Hillaac xoog leh ee geesaha caleemaha ama xididdada caleen |
4. | Calaamadaha daran - marwalba ma saameynayaan dalaga | Hillaac fudud iyo necioo yar oo kaadihaysta caleen - illaa 2% | |
5. | Dhaawacyada fudud | Xasaasiyad (4,1 - 6,0) | Hillaac iyo necrosis ka soo baxa kaadi galeen - ilaa 10% |
Burbur aad u xun - necrosis | Hillaac iyo necrosis ka soo baxa kaadi galeen - ilaa 25% | ||
6. | Burbur aad u xun - necrosis | Dareenka sareeya (> 6,1) | Hillaac iyo necrosis ka soo baxa kaadi galeen - ilaa 50% |
7. | Burbur aad u daran | Hillaac iyo necrosis ka soo baxa kaadi galeen - ilaa 75% | |
8. | Gebi ahaanba burburka dhirta | Burbur dhammaystiran oo ku yimaadda qaybaha hawada ee dhirta |
Astaamo noocyo of taranta baradho HZPC Sadokas wuxuu siiyaa qiyaasaha soo socda ee xasaasiga ah metribuzin: dareen la'aan, waxyar oo xasaasi ah, dareen la'aan, liidata oo liidata, xasaasi ah oo ku filan, dhexdhexaad dhexdhexaad ah, xasaasi ah. Ama waxaa la tilmaamayaa in lagugula talinayo inaad codsato metribuzin kahor biqilka. Way adag tahay in la dhiso amarka kala-soocidda ereybixintaas oo kale. Solana waxay bixisaa talooyin gaar ah. Dareen la'aan - Arosa, Rosara, Felox, Zecura, Red Lady, Rodriga, Queen Anna, Miranda, Opal, Figaro, Verdi. Xasaasi ah, codso ilaa 250 g / ha oo meerbubuzin ah geedo - Natasha, Labella, Leoni, Laperla, Caruso, Lyudmila. Ha ku dalban metribuzin-Vitesse geedo. Agrico wuxuu adeegsadaa dhibcaha. Uma adkaysato metribuzin (3 dhibic 9kiiba 5); xasaasiyad sare, daciifnimo u adkaysata (6-6 dhibcood) - isticmaalka ka dib biqilka wuxuu keenaa midabbado dusha sare iyo hoos u dhaca dhalidda; dareen xasaasi ah (7-9 dhibic 8 ka mid ah) - isticmaalka soo bixitaanka kadib wuxuu u horseedi karaa midabbada dusha sare, laakiin iyada oo aan la dhimin dhalidda; xasaasiyad hoose (9 ka mid ah 9ka dhibic) - ma laha falcelin diidmo ah. Marka, miisaanka loo yaqaan 'Agrico scale' waxaa loo dhisay si isku xigxig ah, oo laga dheehan karo marka loo eego cabirka EWRС. Miisaanka shirkadda, dhibcaha XNUMX waxay ka dhigan tahay dareenka ugu hooseeya ee metribuzin, iyo miisaanka EWRC, kan ugu sarreeya.
Europlant wuxuu kala saaraa seddex qaybood oo noocyo ah oo laxiriira metribuzin - dareen la'aan, xoogaa xasaasi ah, iyo qiyaasta walaxda kadib biqilka waa in la hagaajiyaa si looga fogaado waxyeelo. Norika ma bixiso macluumaad, inkasta oo laga ogyahay ficil ahaan in noocyada qaar ay aad u xasaasi yihiin (Molly, Vega). Noocyada Stet waxaa lagu muujiyey - iska caabin adag, iska caabin dhexdhexaad ah, iska caabin dhexdhexaad ah, xasaasi ah, aad u xasaasi ah. Noocyada baradhada ee xulashada Doka - Gennye Tekhnologii LLC - Carmen, Prime, Indigo, Kalinka, Flamingo ayaan dareen kaheyn metribuzin bilowga xilliga koriinka. Suugaanta waxaa laga heli karaa macluumaad jajab ah oo ku saabsan iska caabinta noocyada Belarusiya, macluumaadka rasmiga ah ee noocyada Ruushka lama helin. Hoos waxaa ku yaal dabeecad madax-bannaan oo ka mid ah noocyada shisheeye ee ku baahsan dalka (Shaxda 7). Khubarada Jarmalka ayaa kala soocaya iska caabinta hoose ee metribuzine ee Vineta, Red Fantasy, Vega, Madeira, Verdi, Europrima, BP 808, noocyada Lady Claire (Scheid L. et al., 2020).
Jadwalka 7. Xasaasiga ah ee noocyada baradho illaa metribuzin, codsi dib-u-dhac ah oo ah 350 g fasalka w / ha metribuzin, (Urbanowicz, 2019)
Miisaan | qiimaynta | Noocyo |
---|---|---|
1 | Xanaaqsan | Felsin, Satin, Saturn, Cerat, Labadia, Canberra, Colomba, geesinimo |
1,1-2,0. | Dareen hoose | Accent, Arsenal, Bellarosa, Verdi, jilicsan, Impala, Caratop, Carlena, Ludmila, Madeline, Manitou, Marquis, Melody, Rocco, Russet Burbank, Saline, Ramos, Mozart, Challenger |
2,1 - 4,0. | Dareenka dhexdhexaadka ah | Agria, Arizona, Asterix, Bellaprim, Brooke, Colette, El Mundo, Gala, Jelly, Curas, Lady Claire, Madeira, Mondeo, Pyrrole, Queen Anna, Fantasy Red, Sonya, Riviera, Sagitta, BP 808, Panther, Silvana, Red Scarlett, Nevsky, Timo, Sifra, Jarla, Crispforol |
4,1-6,0. | Xasaasiyad | Arrow, Eurostar, Innovator, Molly, Rosalind, Sante, Vignette, Rosalind, Fable |
7,1-9,0. | Dareenka sareeya | Fresco |
Iyada oo leh dareen sare oo noocyo ah (Dhibcaha EWRC ee ka sarreysa 5), doogga ku saleysan dusha sare ee metribuzin (qaasatan, Zenkor) ayaa la istcimaali karaa ka dib soo ifbaxa qiyaasta aan ka badnayn 0,5 l, kg / ha. Haddii kale, muujinta muuqaalka 'phytotoxicity' iyo yareynta dhalidda ayaa suurtagal ah. Haddii xasaasiyaddu ka sarreyso 7 dhibcood, markaa codsashada dib-u-soo-noqoshada waa mid aan loo baahnayn. Dibad baxyada, metribuzin qaabkeeda saafiga ah waa mid aad loo xakameeyay, laguma talinayo inaad u isticmaasho noocyo leh diil cad, diyaarinta isku dhafan iyo isku dhafka taangiyada leh heerka hoose ee Zencor ayaa leh faa'iido. Xasaasiga ah ee noocyada baradho ah ee loo yaqaan 'metribuzin' waa in si dhow loola socdo soosaarka shinnida, maadaama muuqaalka kore ee caleemaha caleemaha uu khalkhal galinayo jiritaanka cudurrada fayraska isla markaana aan u oggolaanin diidmada saxda ah ee dhirta buka, taas oo si toos ah u saameysa tayada qalabka abuurka.
Xaalku wuxuu lamid yahay sunta geedaha salka ku haya rimsulfuron. Tiitos iyo noocyo kala duwan oo isku mid ah ayaa sidoo kale sababa midab caleenta caleenta ama xitaa nuqul sax ah oo ah calaamadaha mosaic baradho ah (sawir 5,6). Dhirtu waxay inta badan ka soo kabataa dhaawacan 7-10 maalmood gudahood daaweynta ka dib, iyadoo aan wax saameyn ah ku yeelan wax soo saarka. Xaaladaha deegaanka ee walaaca leh sida qabow, qoyan ama cimilo kulul iyo qoyan, iyo marka dambe oo la adeegsado baradhada dhaadheer, daaweynta rimsulfuron waxay sababi kartaa waxyeelo intaa ka badan. Si loo yareeyo suurtagalnimada waxyeellada baradhada, waxaa lagugula talinayaa inaad codsato cayayaankaan ka dib ugu yaraan seddex maalmood oo isku xigta cimilada qoraxdu.
Cunsurka weyn ee noocyada muuqaalka muuqaalka jirka ee jirka ayaa xadidaya fursadaha isticmaalka metribuzin iyo rimsulfuron ee baradhada abuurka sii kordheysa. Waxaad ubaahantahay inaad diirada saarto hor u soo bixida isticmaalka walxahan ama isticmaalka kale d.v. Jarmalka dhexdiisa, waxaa lagula talinayaa in lala shaqeeyo proman, feeryahan, bandura iyo novitron qaab nadiif ah ama isku dhaf ah oo ku saabsan beeraha xasaasiga u ah zenkora (Shaxda 2,5). USA iyo Kanada, mudnaanta waxaa la siiyaa diyaargarowga isku dhafan ama isku darka taangiyada oo leh metribuzine hooseeya (Shaxda 4). Dhammaan xulashooyinka laga isticmaalo dalal kale ayaan laga heli karin beeraleyda baradhada ee Ruushka, laakiin noocyada horay u soo ifbaxay ee doogga baradho ayaa aad ugu filan. Si kastaba ha noqotee, saameynta tayada baradhada abuurka, oo ay ku jiraan saameynta, waa in la tixgeliyaa, ugu horreyntii, iyada oo la tixgelinayo doogga tallaabada joogtada ah. Kuwani waa diyaargarow ku saleysan glyphosate, diquat, ammonium glufosinate. Macluumaad badan ayaa lagu ururiyey suugaanta adduunka ee ku saabsan glyphosate iyadoo la eegayo saameynta xun ee baradhada abuurka. Wadarta geedaha dooggu waa inaysan marin u helin dhirta baradhada iyo geedo. Kaliya waa dildilaaca carrada iyo dildilaaca ka soo baxa baradhada (sawirka 7) marin u helida, daawada kuma koobna oo kaliya geedka, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa lagu kala qaadaa farcanka. Calaamadaha aasaasiga ah ee waxyeellada glyphosate ee baradhada waxay ku jiraan sawirka 8, cilladaha qaaxada iyo astaamaha digriiga waxay kujiraan sawirka 9,10. Sanadka soo socda, saameynta glyphosate waxaa lagu muujiyey hoos u dhaca biqilka iyo daciifinta dhirta. (sawirka 11,12) iyo saamayntu waxay u muuqataa ilaa saddex sano.
Dhaawac la mid ah kan baradho abuurka ah waxaa sababa doogga aan caadiga ahayn - clopyralid, dicamba, sulfonylureas, astaamaha lagu garto sawirka 13,14, 15. Dabcan, cidina si gaar ah uguma isticmaasho baradhada. Baradhadu waxaa sababi kara oo keliya dabaysha ka soo baxda beeraha kale iyo hadhaaga buufinta iyada oo taxaddar la'aan la dhaqo ama ay ka maqnaato. Tani waxay sidoo kale khuseysaa doogga joogtada ah. (sawirka 16). Waxaa jira xaqiiqooyin waxyeello u leh baradhada iniinyaha iyo chlorprofam oo loo isticmaalo goobaha lagu keydiyo si loo xakameeyo biqilka baradhada baradhada (sawirka XNUMX). Maadadu aad ayey u xoog badan tahay oo waxay saameysaa biqilka abuurka badan ee ku dhow ama lagu xareeyaa qolalka lagu daaweeyay chlorprofam xilligii hore.
Sidaa awgeed, xakamaynta haramaha la isku halleyn karo ayaa muhiim u ah soo saarista abuur caws tayo leh. Haramaha kuma koobna oo kaliya waxsoosaarka, laakiin sidoo kale waxay gacan ka geysaneysaa dhaawaca cudurka ku dhaca baradhada. Noocyada casriga ah ee doogga baradho wuxuu leeyahay daraasiin magacyo ah, laakiin diyaarin kasta oo shaqsiyeed waxay leedahay xaddidaad u gaar ah oo ku saabsan dalabkeeda. Abuurka baradhada sii kordhaya, waxyeelada dhirta ee geedaha doogga waa in aan loo oggolaan, maadaama saamaynta taban ee tan lagu muujiyay jiilalka soo socda.