Joogtaynta baarka sare xilli ciyaareedkii la soo dhaafay, si wax ku ool ah u adeegsiga lacagaha taageerada gobolka - tani waxay ahayd hawsha loo dejiyay warshadaha 2017 Wasiirka Beeraha ee Xiriirka Ruushka Alexander Tkachev, oo ka hadlaya shirkii All-Russia ee beeraha bishii Febraayo 1 ee Moscow.
Isku soo wada duuboo natiijooyinka sanadkii la soo dhaafay iyo go’aaminta astaamaha hormarinta mustaqbalka dhow, Wasiirka wuxuu carrabka ku adkeeyay in agro-warshadaha maanta jira ay yihiin mid ka mid ah darawallada dhaqaalaha Ruushka: “Waqtigeenna waa yimid, waddankeenu wuu na baahan yahay!”
Intii uu ku guda jiray khudbadiisa, madaxa Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Xiriirka Ruushka wuxuu xusuusiyay dhagaystayaasha ku saabsan tilmaamayaasha diiwaanka ee 2016 ee goosashada sarreenka, galleyda, buckwheat, gabbaldayaha, soyka, iyo gaar ahaan sonkorta. Sanadkii la soo dhaafay, soo saarayaasha beeraha waxay goosteen qiyaastii 50 milyan oo tan.
Marka loo eego tilmaamahan, Ruushka ayaa ku soo baxay kaalinta koowaad ee adduunka, kana horreeyay Faransiiska, Mareykanka iyo Jarmalka. "Tani waxay noo ogolaan doontaa inaan soo saarno qiyaastii 6 milyan oo tan oo sonkor ah, taas oo kaliya ma ahan inaan si buuxda u siino suuqa gudaha, laakiin sidoo kale kordhinta dhoofinta, oo ka badan 200 kun tan sanadkii," ayuu raaciyay wasiirka.
Muhiimadda hadda Alexander Tkachev ayaa loogu yeedhay diyaarinta beeridda. Sanadka 2017, waxaa loo qorsheeyay in lagu beero in kabadan 80 milyan oo hektar oo dhul ah.
Dhaqan ahaan, iyadoo la filaayo bilowga xilli-cayaareedka, kaqeybgalayaasha kulanka waxay soo jeediyeen arrimo badan oo mowduuc ah.
Dhex gelinta dhul beereedka wareegga
Qeyb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah warbixintii Gudoomiyaha Gudiga Gobolka ee Duma ee Arimaha Agrarian, Vladimir Kashin, waxaa loo qoondeeyay baahida loo qabo in lagu soo bandhigo dhul beereedkii la dayriyey si loo wareejiyo.
Sida laga soo xigtay isaga, rubuc qarnigii la soo dhaafay, qaab dhismeedka sanduuqa dhulka, aagga dhul beereedka ayaa la yareeyay ku dhawaad kalabar. Laga soo bilaabo 637,7 milyan oo hektar sanadkii 1990, ilaa 2016 waxyar in kabadan 383 milyan oo hektar ayaa ku haray dalka. Waxaa walaac gaar ah leh yareynta dhul beereedka 25 milyan oo hektar, oo 17,2 milyan oo hektar ay ahaayeen dhul la isticmaali karo.
Sidaa darteed, waxaa jira in kabadan 41,5 milyan oo hektar oo dhul ah oo lagala wareego dalagyada gudaha Russia, iyo in kabadan 56 milyan oo hektar, ama 14,5% dhul beereed, looma adeegsan ujeedkooda loogu talagalay.
Madaxa guddiga ayaa ugu yeedhay howsha ku lug lahaanshaha dhulalka la dayacay in lagu wareejiyo arrin muhiimad weyn u leh qaranka, oo la barbar dhigo kor u qaadista dhulalka bikradaha ah, oo waddanku uusan awoodi doonin inuu la qabsado barnaamij la'aan gaar ah oo federaal ah, iyadoo aan la helin maalgelin ku filan.
Bacriminta macdanta
Sida laga soo xigtay Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Xiriirka Ruushka, ku dhawaad kalabar soosaarayaasha beeraha Ruushku ma isticmaalaan bacrinta macdanta beeraha. Kaydinta noocan oo kale ah maahan habka ugu wanaagsan ee saameeya tayada iyo tirada dalagga.
Alexander Tkachev, Wasiirka Beeraha ee Xiriirka Ruushka:
"Waqtigeennu waa yimid, waddankeenu annagaa noo baahan!"
Gudoomiyaha Gudiga Gobolka ee Duma ee Arimaha Aladrian Vladimir Kashin ayaa sidoo kale ku tilmaamay arinta bacriminta mid kamid ah kuwa ugu daran: Xaalufka bacriminta carrada waxaa sahlay hoos u dhigida qadarka bacriminta macdanta la adeegsado - marka la barbardhigo 1990, maanta shan jeer ayaa ka yar. Waxay noqotaa xaalad is-khilaafsan - waxaan isticmaalnaa 18% kaliya 10-ka milyan ee tan ee bacriminta macdanta (walax firfircoon) oo laga soo saaro Ruushka sanadkiiba, inta soo hartayna waa la dhoofiyaa. "
Laakiin xilli ciyaareedka soo socda waxaa jira shuruudaha oo dhan si loo saxo xaaladda. Sida laga soo xigtay Igor Kaluzhsky, madaxa fulinta ee Ururka Soosaarayaasha Bacriminta Ruushka, xaaladda suuqa bacriminta Ruushka ayaa ah mid aad u deggan: sicirrada ayaa hoos uga dhacay heerkii sanadkii la soo dhaafay, dhammaan badeecooyinka kala duwan ayaa lagu soo bandhigay cabbir lama huraan ah iyo xitaa wixii ka dambeeya (Ururka wuxuu bixiyay kayd si uu u siiyo bacrimiyeyaasha qof walba) .
Isla mar ahaantaana, Igor Kaluzhsky wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka dhagaystayaasha xaqiiqada ah in bacriminta macdanta badanaa ay ku sii jirto alaabo aan la gaari karin oo loogu talagalay beeraha, habka is-dhexgalka u dhexeeya beeralayda iyo kuwa kiimikada ayaa ah mid aan weli la horumarin, oo ay si firfircoon u isticmaalaan khamaarayaashu. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, in kabadan 100 kiis oo dambi ah ayaa la furay. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in beeruhu ay saameeyeen dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha la sheegay in looga tagay lacag la'aan iyo bacrimin la'aan.
Saadaasha qiimaha
Igor Kaluzhsky,
Agaasimaha Fulinta ee Ururka Soosaarayaasha Bacriminta Ruushka:
"Xaaladda suuqa bacriminta ee Ruushka hadda waa mid aad u wanaagsan: qiimaha ayaa hoos uga dhacay heerkii sanadkii hore, dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee alaabooyinka waxaa lagu soo bandhigayaa mugga loo baahan yahay iyo xitaa ka sarreeya ..."
Saadaalin kooban oo ku saabsan xaaladda waxsoosaarka dalaga Ruushka ee 2017 waxaa soo jeediyay Dmitry Rylko, Agaasimaha Guud ee IKAR.
Wuxuu xusay in inta badan dalagyada, wax soo saarka kaas oo ay ruushka ku guuleysteen natiijooyin rikoor ah, waxay siisay goyn wanaagsan dalal kale oo adduunka ah, taas oo aan saameyn ku yeelan karin qiimaha.
Gaar ahaan, maanta waxaan ka wada hadli karnaa kayd aad u badan oo hadhuudh ah oo “burburin doona” qiimaha adduunka illaa dhamaadka xilliga. Isla sidaas ayaa loola dhaqmayaa saliidda miraha, marka laga reebo rapeseed. Midhaha soosaaray ee Midowga Yurub wuxuu sababay sare u kaca sicirka dalaggan caan ah (rapeseed ee Europe waxaa si firfircoon loogu isticmaalaa wax soo saarka biofuel).
Laakiin dalagga sonkorta ugu taajirsan ee Ruushku wuxuu ahaa mid ka soo horjeedda asalka guud, dalal badan oo soosaara sonkorta ceyriinka ah ee sanadkan ayaa la il daran abaarta. Xaaladdaani waxay ahayd mid gacan ka gaysatay in laga fogaado khasaaraha ballaaran ee ka dhaca suuqayaga, oo aan diyaar u ahayn mugga badeecad sidan oo kale ah.
Isku soo wada duuboo, Agaasimaha Guud ee ICAR wuxuu soo jeediyay in si loo soo nooleeyo xaalada loona kordhiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa meelaha danta laga leeyahay soosaaradeena beeraha, in dhacdooyin caan ah ay ka dhacaan adduunka ama suuqyo cusub oo awood leh waa in la sameeyaa (oo la barbar dhigo suuqa biofuel, tusaale ahaan).
Kabista iyo amaahda jilicsan
Macluumaadka ugu weyn ee ku saabsan isbeddelada ku dhacay nidaamka cabiraadaha taageerada dowladda ee soosaarayaasha beeraha waxaa soo bandhigay Natalia Chernetsova, agaasimaha waaxda dhaqaalaha iyo Taageerada Gobolka ee Agro-warshadaha ee Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Xiriirka Ruushka.
Waxay xasuusatay in maanta ay jiraan 7 meelood oo taageero dowladeed ah: kabid keli ah (oo nuugtay inta badan deegaanadii hore u jiray), kabista qayb ka mid ah dulsaarka dulsaarka, taageerida amaahda maalgashiga iyada oo loo soo celinayo kharashka tooska ah ee soo baxay, taageerada aan la xiriirin, taageerada kordhinta wax soo saarka beeraha caanaha. iyo taageerida kaqeybgalayaasha laba barnaamij oo federaal ah - "Melioration" iyo "Horumarka waara ee aagagga Miyiga".
Sannadkii 2017, wax ka beddelka qaar ayaa lagu sameeyay habka lagu helo kaabooyinka qaarkood. Tusaale ahaan, Janaayo 21, hannaan cusub oo loogu talagalay xulashada mashruucyada sheeganaya in dib loogu celiyo kharashyada tooska ah ee maalgashiga ayaa la hagaajiyay - shuruudaha xulashada muhiimka ah ayaa hadda ah helitaanka rukhsadda in lagu hawlgeliyo xarunta.
Agaasimaha waaxda dhaqaalaha iyo taageerada gobolka ee warshadaha agro-warshadaha ayaa sidoo kale taabtay mawduuca hadda amaahda jilicsan. Waxay xustay in sanadkan mudnaanta koowaad ee amaahda amaahda ay ka mid yihiin caano iyo dhaqashada lo'da, dhismaha guryaha lagu koriyo iyo abuurista khudaarta cagaaran, iyo sidoo kale dhammaan mashaariicda laga fulinayo Bariga Fog. Codsiyada laga helo shirkadaha ka socda meelaha kale waa la sii hayn doonaa; mustaqbalka, wax soosaarayaasha beeraha ee soo gudbiya waxay sidoo kale filan karaan inay amaah ku helaan shuruudaha ku habboon.
Natalia Chernetsova waxay sharraxday in wadarta lacagta loo qoondeeyay amaahda jilicsan (21,3 bilyan rubles) aysan aad u badnayn, baahida loo qabo ayaa aad uga badan, laakiin waxaa lagama maarmaan noqotay in diirada la saaro buuxinta miisaaniyada. Madaxa waaxda dhaqaalaha ayaa sidoo kale xusay in xilligan la joogo Wasaaradda Beeraha ay weydiisatay Raiisel wasaaraha in loo qoondeeyo 14 bilyan oo dheeraad ah, ayna jirto rajo ah in taageero la heli doono, maadaama qof walbaa fahmayo sida ay muhiimka u tahay ololaha beeruhu in la dhammeeyo waqtiga iyo si buuxda.
Baradhada
Sida Petr Chekmarev, Agaasimaha Waaxda Dhirta, Mechanization, Kiimikada iyo Ilaalinta Dhirta ee Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Xiriirka Ruushka, wuxuu xusay, "hal dhibaato ayaan ku qabnaa dalaggan - soosaarid dheeri ah". Si kastaba ha noqotee, weli waxaa jira isbeddelo ku saabsan xallinteeda: geeddi-socodka dhoofinta suuq-geynta iyo baradhada abuurka ayaa bilaabay.
Run, sida uu sheegayo agaasime waaxeedku, si suuqa loo xoreeyo loona hagaajiyo sicirka, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la diro 2-3 milyan oo tan oo badeecad ah oo loo dhoofiyo dalka dibadiisa laguna dhiso 1-2 shirkado ka baaraan degga gobol kasta.
Doodda ku saabsan rajada baradho baradho inta lagu gudajiray kulanka ayaa waxaa sii waday Alexander Tkachev, oo uga digay kaqeybgalayaasha warshadaha talaabooyinka nabarrada in la beddelo takhasuska beeruhu, isagoo xusay in baahiyaha suuqyadu ay isbedelayaan, iyo horumarinta jihooyinka cusub had iyo jeer u baahan maalgashi dhab ah. Sida laga soo xigtay wasiirka, joogteynta iyo joogteynta ma u oggolaan doonto soosaaradeheena in ay lumiyaan tayada.
Caymiska Beeraha
Macluumaadka ku saabsan xaaladda uu hadda ka jiro suuqa caymiska beeraha ee Ruushka kulanka ayaa waxaa soo bandhigay Korney Bizhov, madaxweynaha Ururka Caymisyada Unugga ee Madasha Agro-Warshadaha.
Wuxuu xusay in afartii sano ee la soo dhaafay, gobollada leh xaalado cimilo wanaagsan ay ku sii nagaadaan hoggaamiyeyaasha lacagihii la helay sababo la xiriira dalaggii dalka ka lumay. Sida laga soo xigtay NSA, lacagaha ugu badan ee loogu talagalay siyaasadaha leh taageerada gobolka ee ay soo gabagabeeyeen xubnaha ururka midowga muddada sharciga ee taageerada gobolka ee caymiska beeraha ayaa laga helay beeraha Tatarstan (1,176 bilyan rubles) soosaarayaasha beeraha ee Dawlad Goboleedka Stavropol (625 milyan rubles), hawl wadeenada dhulka 'Krasnodar Territory (529 milyan rubles) iyo Gobolka Belgorod (334 milyan rubles).
Khataraha ugu waaweyn ee lacagahaas lagu bixiyay qandaraasyo lala galay taakuleynta gobolka ayaa ah carrada iyo abaaraha ku hareeraysan hawada, dabeylaha qalalan iyo carrada biyahu fadhiyaan. Halisyadan 4ta ah ayaa qiyaastii ah 80% dhammaan lacagaha ay bixiso NSA illaa 2012. Sannadkan, caymiyayaashu waxay saadaaliyeen boqolkiiba badan oo lacag bixinta jihada dambe.
Caymiska beeraha ayaa bartilmaameed ka dhigtey 28 gobol. Waxa jira goobo caymisku daboolayo in ka badan 20% iyo xitaa 30% shirkadaha dalagyada.
Madaxweynaha Midawga Caymisyada wuxuu sharxay in faafinta caymiska beeraha ay inta badan ku xiran tahay tillaabooyinka ay qaadaan masuuliyiinta gobolka ee isku xirka beeraha. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu soo jeediyay isbarbar dhig ku tilmaamayaasha gobolka Samara, oo ah caymiska dalagyada caymiska ee sanadkii 2015 ahaa 18%, iyo Saratov (0,1% dalagyada).
Cimilada
Mawduuca cimilada ee dhagaystayaasha doogga geedaha had iyo jeer waa muhiimad gaar ah. Maamulaha Xarunta Hawada Hawada ee Roman Vilfand ayaa si kooban u sharaxay xaalada hada ka jirta beeraha dalka, isagoo cadeeyay in inta badan gobolada ay jireen qabow daran xilliga qaboobaha, laakiin meelkastoo baraf ah ayaa ku filan, sidaa darteed heerkulka hoose ma uusan saameynin xaalada dalagyada xilliga qaboobaha. Hadda waxaan dhihi karnaa in xaaladaha aad ugu wanaagsan goosashada mustaqbalka waxaa si habsami leh looga ilaaliyaa dalka oo dhan.
Roman Villefand ayaa sidoo kale ka dhawaajiyay saadaalin hordhac ah oo ku saabsan ololaha beero ee 2017. Sida laga soo xigtay madaxa saadaasha hawada ee dalka, inta badan gobollada, shaqada garoonku waxay bilaabmi doontaa waqti ku dhow heerka. Waxaa laga yaabaa in beeralleyda waxyar ka hor ay awoodi doonaan inay shaqo ka bilaabaan gobollada koonfurta (Stavropol, Krasnodar Territory).