Territori: 314,4 kun oo mitir murabac km
Dadka: 1 milyan 47 kun oo qof
Booska joqoraafi ahaan: Gobolku wuxuu ku yaal qaybta koonfur-bari ee galbeedka Siberiya. Waxay xudduud u leedahay gobollada Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Kemerovo, Khantin-Mansi Autonomous Okrug iyo dhulka 'Krasnoyarsk Territory'. Waxaa lagu soo daray Degmooyinka Federaalka Siberiya
Cimilada dhexdhexaad ahaan qaaradda. Celceliska heerkulka bisha Luulyo waa +18 C, bisha Janaayo -19,2 C.
Relief: fidsan, aad u qoyan. Gobolka Tomsk waa qayb ka mid ah ifafaalaha dabiiciga adduunka - qoyan ee Galbeedka Siberia Plain. Meel kale oo adduunka ah oo ku taal ma jiro faafida noocaas ah ee dhiiqo iyo keymaha dhirta leh sida dhulkan oo kale. Qeyb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dhulka gobolka Tomsk waxaa ku nool kaymo (qiyaastii 51% ka mid ah dhulka), sida caadiga ah heerar kaladuwan oo biyo qabad leh, iyo sidoo kale dhul-biyoodyo (qiyaastii ah 31%), oo ay ku jiraan jiirka. Kaydka Peat oo dhumucdiisuna ka badan tahay 80 cm ayaa fadhiya qiyaastii 24% dhulka gobolka. Geeddi-socodka socda ee boggu wuxuu ka kooban yahay aagag ballaaran oo ka mid ah dhulalka gobolka, sida qiyaasaha qaarkood qabaan, waxay ku koraan 1800 hektar sanadkii.
Ciidda: automorphic, semi-hydromorphic iyo hydromorphic. Waxaa lagu gartaa hydromorphism-ka oo kordhay, sababtoo ah dhulka qulqulaya, iyo gobollada koonfurta - baraf xoog leh iyo tartiib tartiib ah oo carradu leedahay. Waxyaabaha kale ee gaarka ah, waa in la ogaadaa: jiritaanka jihada labaad ee humus ee carrada sod-podzolic iyo cawl; joogitaanka ortsands ee carrada iftiinka iftiinka; heerkulka ciidda oo hooseeya.
Aagga dhulka Beeraha: 1,2 milyan hektar, oo dhul beereed ah - 676 kun hektar. Bixinta dhul beereedka gobolka Tomsk waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya gobolka Galbeedka Siberia, qofkiiba - 0,65 hektar. Isbarbardhigga, Territory Altai waxaa ku yaal 2,64 hektar oo dhul beereed ah deggane kasta, oo ku yaal gobolka Novosibirsk - 1,36 hektar, gobolka Omsk - 2,0 hektar. Celceliska Degmooyinka Federaalka ee Siberia waa 1,15 hektar.
SEASON 2018. Production iyo YIELD kobcinta
Baradhadu ee nafaqada aadanaha ayaa qaata booska labaad kadib rootida. Dadka ku dhaqan gobolka Tomsk, sida gobollada kale ee badan ee Ruushka, waxay u tixgeliyaan dhaqankan xushmad weyn.
Gobolka Tomsk ayaa had iyo jeer loo arkaa mid ka mid ah gabood fallaagada baradhada Siberiya. In kasta oo ay xaaladuhu cimilada adag yihiin, carrada badan ee carradu ku yar tahay, haramaha iyo cayayaanka, kuwa wax beero baradhada Tomsk iyo kuwa taranta ayaa leh natiijooyin wax soo saar sare leh.
Celceliska waxsoosaarka baradhada ee gobolka waa 190 senter halkii hektar, laakiin hoggaamiyeyaasha, tusaale ahaan, warshadda taranka ee Zavarzinsky, waxay heshaa illaa 400 oo hektar, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay adeegsiga horumarinnada sayniska casriga ah, noocyo rajo leh iyo u hoggaansamida tiknoolajiyadda. Dhamaadka sanadka 2017, waxsoosaarka guud ee baradhada gobolka wuxuu dhaafay 33 kun oo tan.
XAQIIQADA Faa'iidada wax soo saarka baradhada ee 2017 ee Gobolka Tomsk ayaa ka sarreysay 17,5%.
Sida laga soo xigtay waaxda hormarinta bulshada iyo dhaqaalaha ee Tuulada Gobolka Tomsk, sanadka 2018 dhul beereedku wuxuu ku hoos yaal baradhada ururada beeraha, beeroleyda iyo ganacsatada shaqsiyaadku waa in kabadan 1,5 kun oo hektar, ama 17,5% dhamaan dalagyada.
Sida laga soo xigtay adeegga tirakoobka ee gobolka, soo-saareyaasha ugu weyn ee baradhada Gobolka Tomsk waa beero-beereedyo gaar loo leeyahay, halkaas oo baradho 2018 lagu beeray dhul ka badan 7 kun oo ha.
NIDAAMKA TABABARKA Warshadaha
In 2018, Waaxda Horumarinta Bulshada iyo Dhaqaalaha ee Tuulada ee Tomsk Gobolka bilaabay bilaabay inay la shaqeeyaan loo shaqeeyayaasha iyo machadyada waxbarashada beeraha ee ku saabsan sameynta awoodaha ugu dambeeyay ee lagama maarmaanka u ah takhasusyada dhalinyarada ee dhismaha agro-warshadaha. Feejignaan gaar ah ayaa la siiyaa mid ka mid ah takhasusyada muhiimka ah ee beeraha - cilmiga beeraha.
Iyadoo lagu saleynayo waxbarashada sare, aqoonyahannada cilmiga beeraha ee beeraha gobolka Tomsk ayaa loo tababaray muddo 25 sano ah waaxda cilmiga beeraha iyo farsamada iyo ka baaraandegidda wax soo saarka beeraha ee machadka beeraha ee Tomsk, oo ah laanta NSAU. Sanadka 2018, waxaa wax baranaya 115 arday. Soo bixitaankii ugu dambeeyay wuxuu dhacay 2016, kan xigana wuxuu noqon doonaa 2019. Qorshaha isqorista ee 2019 waa 20 arday waqti buuxa ah iyo 30 arday waqti dhiman ah.
Kuwa ugu wanaagsan jaamacadda waxaa ka mid ah madaxa cilmiga beeraha ee maamul goboleedyada iyo dhismayaasha waaweyn ee beeraha, iyo sidoo kale madaxda beeraha.
HORUMARINTA DHAQAALAHA Warshadaha
Waqtigaan, gobolka Tomsk wuxuu isu bixiyaa baradho ah 130-140%. Tani waa dhaqan muhiim u ah gobolka, kaas oo ah kan labaad oo kaliya ee qamadiga ahmiyadna u leh.
Sidaa darteed, OOO Kolpakov, oo ah beerta baradho ee gobolka Tomsk, oo soo saarta in ka badan 5 kun tan oo wax soo saar ah sanadkiiba, waxay qorsheyneysaa inay dhisto keyd baradho leh awood dhan 2019 kun oo tan dhamaadka 2,5. Intii lagu gudajiray dhismaha, teknoolojiyada casriga ah ayaa la isticmaali doonaa, taas oo aakhirka kordhin doonta awoodda keydinta illaa 8 kun tan oo khudaar iyo baradho sanadkiiba Sidaa darteed, beertu waxay awood u yeelan doontaa inay bixiso shabakadaha ganacsiga ee sannadka oo dhan iyo hay'adaha bulshada ee Tomsk alaabooyin tayo sare leh oo wax soo saar maxalli ah.
FARMS FARSAMO
33 beerood (8 shirkado beereed iyo 25 beero beero) ayaa ku hawlan wax soo saar warshadeed oo baradho ah gobolka, 16 ka mid ah waxay ku yaalliin gobolka Tomsk. Saddexda shirkadood waxay leeyihiin heerka abuur abuurka (oo ku shaqeeya sida “super-super-elite”, “super-elite” iyo “elite”), iyagoo siinaya wax beero tayo sare leh oo keliya maahan ganacsigooda, laakiin sidoo kale waxay la shaqeeyaan saaxiibbada.
Natiijooyinka sarreeya ee dhaqdhaqaaqyadooda waxaa gaadhay shirkadaha ganacsiga LLC Kolpakov, Favorit, shirkadda beeraha Zorkaltsevskaya, Zarechnoye, beeraleyda Mikhail Kolpakov iyo Vyacheslav Rychko iyo kuwa kale.
Laba beerood oo baradho waaweyn ah ayaa ku yaal Shegarsky iyo waqooyiga degmada Kolpashevsky. Degmada Kolpashevsky waxay u dhigantaa nooca gobollada Waqooyiga fog, ama beeraha aadka u ba'an, laakiin xitaa halkaas wax soo saareyaasha beeruhu waxay barteen inay helaan wax soo saar sare.
XULASHADA IYO HADALKA
Dhanka woqooyiga gobolka waxaa ku yaal beero tijaabooyin ah qeybta Narym ee Machadka Cilmi baarista Siberian ee Beeraha iyo Peat ee Xarunta Sayniska Sayniska ee Daraasaadka Sayniska ee Akadeemiyada Ruushka ee Sayniska. Saynisyahanada cutubkan in kabadan 70 sano (taranka baradhoku wuxuu socdey ilaa 1938, waxeyna bilaabeen iney bartaan tikniyoolajiyadda beeraha ilaa iyo 1912) waxey horumarinayaan teknolojiyada wax beero ee baradhada iyo nidaamyada ka difaacaya cudurada.
Habka xulashada waxaa lagu fuliyaa goob duurka ku ah toban-miro dalag ah oo ku yaal ciidda bacaadka dhexdhexaadka ah ee dhexdhexaadka ah ee ciidda leh bacriminta dabiiciga ah.
Goobaha wax soo saarka ee waaxda, waxaa laga bilaabay shaqo soo saar abuurka. Soosaarka abuurka aasaasiga ah waxaa loo fuliyaa iyadoo loo eegayo qorshe afar sano ah: sanadka koowaad - xulashada dhirta bilowga ah; Sannadka XNUMX - Maxkamadaynta XNUMX-da sanadka; Sannadka XNUMX - Maxkamadaynta XNUMX-da sanadka; sanadka afraad - xanaanada super-super-elite. Ururada beeraha waxaa lasiiyaa waxyaabo abuur ah: Pamyati Rogachev, Solnechny, Yubilyar, Yugan, Sarovskiy.
Mustaqbalka, oo salka ku haysa waaxda Narym ee Machadka Cilmi baarista Siberian ee Beeraha iyo Peat, waxaa la qorsheynayaa in la abuuro xarun loogu talagalay horumarinta xulashada iyo soosaarka abuur ee abuurista baradhada, oo awood u leh bixinta beeraha tayo sare leh ee Siberiya oo leh miraha guriga. Machadka ayaa horay u rakibay qaar ka mid ah qalabka casriga ah ee aeroponic, oo dardar gelinaya hannaanka abuurista noocyo dhowr ah. Teknolojiyadda ay xarunta mustaqbalku isticmaali doonto ayaa keliya u oggolaan doonta abaabulidda taranka, marka laga reebo infekshanka digriiga oo leh fayras heer kasta ah, laakiin waxay sidoo kale soo saari doontaa miinooyin aan ciid ahayn sannadka oo dhan.
Darajooyinka
Saynisyahannada Waaxda Narym ee Machadka Cilmi-baarista Siberia ee Beeraha iyo Peat waxay abuureen noocyada kala duwan ee baradhada: Narymsky horaantii (1961), Kolpashevsky (1966), Ideal (1967), Priobsky (1972), Narymka (1989), Yanga (1997), Tomich (1998), Nakra (2000), Xusuusta Rogachev iyo Antonin (2005), Solnechny (2006), Ketsky (2008), Yubilyar (2009), Yugana (2011), Sarovsky (2014). Asal ahaan, dhammaan noocyada liistada ku qoran waxay ku jiraan Diiwaanka Gobolka ee Guusha Taranka ee loo oggolaaday in loo isticmaalo Xiriirka Ruushka. Sidoo kale, saynisyahannada machadka waa wada-qorayaasha noocyo: Narymchanin (Polesskiy - 36), Hooyo oo la abuuray, laakiin aan loo kala soocin astaamo: Krasa Naryma, Taezhnik, Venus, Chaya, Belukha.
Noocyada kala duwan ee xulashada Tomsk waxay u adkaysi u yihiin cudurada, dhadhan fiican oo wanaagsan, iyo sidoo kale isku-darka calaamadaha kale ee togan.
Noocyada hore (Priobsky, Antonina, Yubilyar, Sarovsky) waxay sameeyaan waxsoosaar suuq lagu iibin karo oo ah heerka 15-20 t / ha maalinta 60aad kadib biqilka. Noocyada kala ah Ketsky, Solnechny, Pamyati Rogachev, Antonina waxaa lagu gartaa wax soo saar badan (50-60 t / ha iyo in ka badan), laakiin waxay urursadaan goosashada ugu weyn taariikh dambe. Noocyada Nakra, Pamyati Rogacheva, Solnechny, Yugan iyo noocyada hore ee kala duwan ee Sarovsky waxay awood u leeyihiin inay ku ururaan istaarijka xaddiga 23% ama ka badan. Noocyada baradhada ah Tomich, Ketsky iyo Solnechny waxay ku habboon yihiin sameynta jibbaarada, Antonina - qaboojinta qoto dheer, Yugan - sameynta shiilaha Faransiiska.
Marxaladda hadda jirta, hawsha baradhada baradho ee qaybta Narym ee SibNIISHKhiT waxay ka kooban tahay soo saarista noocyada bislaada ee hore u soo baxa kuwaas oo awood u leh inay si dhakhso leh u bislaadaan xilli yar oo koraya heerkulka dayrta hoose, adkaysi u leh cudurada iyo cayayaanka, oo leh tusayaasha tayada sare ee tuber. Waqtiga xaadirka ah, noocyo casaan-guduudan oo leh qaab qumman oo dhammaystiran ayaa sidoo kale baahi badan leh.
BARNAAMIJKA TOMSK BATATO
Dhowr sano oo xiriir ah, gobolku wuxuu qabanayay carwo dayrta - gobolka "Dabaaldega baradhada". Sannad kasta wuxuu noqdaa mid sii ballaaranaya. 2017, qiyaastii shan kun oo qof oo degan Tomsk iyo martida magaalada ayaa ka soo qayb galay fasaxa, kuwaas oo helay wadarta 110 tan oo baradho ah. Noocyo badan oo ah baradhada noocyada kala duwan leh ayaa sanadkiiba lagu bixiyaa carwada iyadoo ay ka qeybgalayaasha joogtada ah - Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Siberia ee Beeraha iyo Peat - oo ah laanta SFNTSA RAS.
Inta lagu jiro fasaxa, tartan loogu talagalay tuber-ka ugu weyn ee baradhada ayaa la qabtaa sanadkiiba. Sannadkii 2017, digriiga miisaanka culus ee tartanka waxaa bixiyay dadka deggan Asinovsky, Pervomaisky, Molchanovsky, Tomsk, Shegarsky, Chainsky degmooyinka. Marka loo eego natiijooyinka miisaanka, tuber miisaankeedu yahay 1330 garaam, oo ka baxay dhulka Molchanov, ayaa helay cinwaanka "Bogatyr Baradho".
TOMSKY ZEMLE - BOTO YAR OO YAR!
Qeybta Narym ee Machadka Cilmi baarista ee Beeraha Siiniska iyo Beeraha ee magaalada Kolpashevo, Gobolka Tomsk, waxay ka shaqeyneysay beerista baradhada midabka leh muddo 10 sano ah.
Saynisyahannadu waxay horeba ugu guuleysteen inay helaan digriiga buluugga ah, buluug-buluug ah, iyo sidoo kale ubaxyo gaduudan (ma aha oo kaliya diirka ayaa la rinjiyayaa, laakiin sidoo kale hilibka). Marka loo eego kuwa taranka, baradhada ayaa qani ku ah antioxidant-ka. Si kastaba ha noqotee, xilligan xaadirka ah, noocyada ayaan wali la diiwaangalin, sidaa darteedna waxay ku koreen kaliya barxado gaar loo leeyahay. Wax soosaarka warshadaha ayaa suurta gal noqon kara kadib marka uu gudbo imtixaanka.
MAALINTA FAGAARAHA 2018: QAYBTA Baradhada
Muddadii saddexda maalmood ahayd ee madasha beeraha-warshadaha "Maalinta Field-2018" ee gobolka Tomsk, maalin dhan waxaa loo hibeeyay horumarinta baradhada. Iyadoo lagu saleynayo OOO Kolpakov ee gobolka Tomsk - hoggaamiyaha gobolka ee wax soo saarka baradhada - siminaar wax ku ool ah oo ka baxsan "Baradhadu ee Siberia: khibradda beerashada iyo rajooyinka horumarka". Dhacdadu waxay kulmisay ilaa 50 saynisyahano, soosaarayaal, beero baradho oo ka kala yimid gobolada Moscow, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk iyo Tomsk.
Madaxa shirkada Denis Kolpakov wuxuu qabtay mudaaharaad qalab casri ah oo baradhada lagu beero, kaas oo ay ku yaalaan ilaa 40 unug beerta. Cagaf cagaf cagaf cagaf John Deer, Lemken dabagalka hirgelinta qodista, iskuxirka dhirta baradho Grimme, iwm ka shaqeeyaan berrinka. - dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee xalalka farsamo iyo ugubinta teknolojiyadda beeraha, taas oo u oggolaanaysa beerta inay ku fuliso shaqada goobta si sax ah iyo waqtiga. Ka qaybgalayaasha kulanka waxaa la tusay khadad casri ah oo loogu talagalay ka-hor-iibinta diyaarinta baradhada (xirxirida shabaqa 2,5 kg iyo baakadaha qiimaha leh ee ka samaysan dharka combi-ga; baakidh barandho ah oo baradhada diiray).
Danta gaarka ah ee beeraleyda iyo baratayaasha barata-barayaasha waxaa kiciyay kormeerka beeraha baradhada ka baxa, halkaas oo maanta labada nooc ee guryaha - Kemerovochanin, Tuleevsky - iyo kuwa ajaanibta ah la beero (markii ugu horeysay sanadkan, beerashada tijaabada ee noocyada baradhada ee Isbahaysiga Abuurka Jarmalka).
"Waxaan eegnay beeraha beerta Kolpakov LLC aadna ayaan ula dhacnay," ayay tiri Anastasia Borovkova, oo ah madaxa waaxda baradhada ee Isbahaysiga Abuurka Jarmal (Moscow). - Teknolojiyada lagu dabakho shirkadda, laga bilaabo beerashada ilaa ilaalinta dhirta, - heer aad u sarreeya. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo xaaladaha cimilada adag iyo xilliga sii kordhaya, celceliska wax soo saarka baradhada ee bartamaha 220 ee lagu gaarey beerta ayaa waliba mudan in la ixtiraamo.
Ka qaybgalayaasha aqoon isweydaarsiga waxaa sidoo kale loo soo bandhigay shaqada Shaybaarka hababka cilmiga farsamada ee taranka iyo soosaarka abuurka dalagyada beeraha ee machadka cilmi baarista Siberia ee beeraha iyo Peat - farac ka tirsan SFSCA RAS oo ku yaal tuulada Bogashevo, halkaasoo cilmi baaris casri ah lagu sameynayo si loo helo minitubers caafimaad qabe ah oo loo yaqaan 'microcloning'.