FARSAMADA FURSADAHA EE YURUB EE POTATO CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY
Baradhadu waa mid ka mid ah cuntada ugu muhiimsan, calafka iyo dalagyada warshadaha, laakiin xaaladaha raaxada leh ee wax-beeristeeda ma ahan meel walba. Guri walboo kasta wuxuu rabaa inuu helo goyn wanaagsan. Nidaamka nafaqada macdanta ee sida saxda ah loo xushay ayaa gacan ka geysan doonta in la gaaro wax soo saar sarreeya iyo tayada baradhada.
Sameynta dalag baradho oo tayo sare leh waa geedi socod shaqo waxayna kuxirantahay astaamaha jireed ee dhaqanka. Si ka duwan firileyda, baradhada waxay u baahan tahay nafaqooyin badan oo macdan ah, taas oo lagu go'aaminayo wax soo saarka kororka geedka iyo horumarka daciifka ah ee xididkiisa.
POTATO BRAND
Si loo helo dalag buuxa (200-250 kg / ha), waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la bixiyo qiyaastii 125 kg oo ah nitrogen, 50 kg ee fosfooraska iyo 230 kg oo potassium ah ciidda. Baradhadu waxay cunaan xaddiyo badan oo kaalshiyam ah (70 kg) iyo magnesium (30 kg), iyo qadar yar oo naxaas ah, zinc iyo manganese sidoo kale waa inay ku jiraan qorshaha nafaqada dhaqanka. Suurtagal ma noqonayso in la siiyo geedka dhammaan waxyaalaha isku waqti isku mid ah, maadaama baradhoku ay u baahan yihiin marxalado kala duwan oo koritaan ah.
Nitrogen-ka, oo ah astaamaha qaab-dhismeedka ugu weyn ee geedka, ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah marxaladaha hore. Waxay wanaajisaa koritaanka dushooda, waxay sii dheereeysaa muddada daaqsinka iyo koriinka jir ahaanta leh ee digriiga. Fosfooshu waa muhiim marka nafaqada laga helo nidaamka xididka ay adag tahay. In muddo ah heerkul hooseeya ama pH ciidda aan fiicnayn, nafaqada fosfooraska fiicnayn waxay xaqiijineysaa bisaylka jir ahaanta leh ee digriiga. Baradhadu waxay u baahan tahay macdanta ka badan tan kaalshiyamka ah, taas oo marxaladda ugu dambeysa ee xilliga sii kordhaya kor u qaadeyso qulqulka nafaqooyinka ee dusha sare illaa digriiga. Saamayntoodu badanaa waxay kuxirantahay nooca bacriminta potash (tusaale ahaan, bacriminta ay ku jirto maadada koloriinku waxay uga sii dartay tayada baradhada), marka marka aad dooraneyso badeeco, fiiro gaar ah u yeelo nuxurka sheygan ee kujira.
Waa maxay sababta baradhoku "u baqayo" koloriin? Qaybta kiimikadaani waxay kordhisaa unugyada jirka ee unugyada, taas oo dib u dhigaysa horumarka iyo koriinshaha digriiga. Ionyada chlorine waxay joojineysaa waxqabadka enzymeska ku lugta leh soo saarida alaabada sumaynta ka timaada caleemaha illaa digriiga, taas oo ka dhalatay taas oo istaarijka lagu daaho iyaga. Sababtaas awgeed, khubarada EuroChem ayaa ku talinaya in bacriminta 'potash-ka' ay ka kooban tahay bacriminta lagu daro in loo dalbado daaweynta dayrta, sidaa darteed xilliga lagu jiro xilliga deyrta-guga, ionyada koloriin ahaan waxaa lagu maydhaa lakabyada hoose ee ciidda. Carrada ciidda ah iyo ciidda ciidda ah, bacriminta potash-ka waa in la istcimaalaa gu'ga kaliya si looga hortago in ay ku yaraato potassium-ka.
EuroChem waxay daryeeshay macaamiisheeda iyo dalagyadooda, sidaa darteed, nafaqada isku dheelitiran ee baradhada, waxay diyaarisay bacrimin macdanta qalafsan - nitroammofoska 14-14-23. Sumadan bacriminta ah waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu beero digriiga, dalagyada xididka iyo dalagyada khudradda.
Nitroammofosku 14-14-23 waxaa loo adeegsan karaa beero ama horteeda. Maxaa ka saara dadka kale?
- Tiknoolajiyada wax soo saarka oo kuu oggolaaneysa inaad yareyso xaddiga kaalshiyamka chloride-ka illaa 25% isla markaana aad u kordhiso waxa ay ka kooban tahay amooniyam amase 75%, siday u kala horreeyaan. Faa'iidada kale ee nitroammofoska 14-14-23 waa mid ka xoog badan, marka la barbardhigo analogues, granule ay ku jirto isla qaddarka nafaqooyinka aasaasiga ah iyo dheeri ah (baaruud, kaalshiyam, magnesium) oo qaab u ah dhirta.
Sannadkii 2016, gobolka Volgograd, oo ku saleysan beerta Raigorod, tiro tijaabo ah ayaa la sameeyay si loo go'aamiyo waxtarka dalabka bacriminta NPK 14-14-23 ee baradhada baradho ee ku hoos jira xaaladaha waraabka. Marka loo eego habka loo adeegsado arjiga, laba ikhtiyaar ayaa loo tixgeliyey: isla mar ahaantaana xilliga guga qiyaas dhan 1000 kg / ha iyo jajab ahaan - 350 kg / ha dayrta iyo 650 kg / ha guga. Nidaamka caadiga ah ee beeraha wuxuu dejiyay hordhaca 350 kg / ha NPK 9-25-25 deyrta iyo 650 kg / ha NPK 17-0,1-28 guga. Marka la eego natiijooyinka baaritaanka, waxsoosaarkii ugu badnaa (kororku wuxuu ahaa 3,3 t / ha) waxaa lagu gaadhay kala duwanaanta hal codsi oo ah qiyaasta buuxda ee nitroammofoska 14-14-23. Qiimeyn lagu sameeyay wax ku oolnimada dhaqaale ee qorshahan ayaa muujisay in faa iidada hektar kasta ay kordhisay 1 oo rub.
NITROGEN - WAXYAABAHA UGU MUHIIMSAN
Ka sokow nafaqada nafaqada leh ee nafaqada leh, nafaqada dheer ee nafaqada leh ee nafaqada leh ayaa muhiimad weyn u leh baradhada. Jiritaanka nitrogen la heli karo wakhti dheer ayaa gacan ka geysanaysa abuuritaanka digriiga suuqa la iibsan karo, kaas oo, ugu dambeyntii, kordhinaya soosaarka jajabyada ganacsiga. Sidaa darteed, marka lagu daro bacriminta NPK ee adag, khubarada EuroChem waxay kugula talinayaan isticmaalka bacriminta dareeraha KAS-32, oo ka kooban 8% amooniyam iyo ammonium iyo 16% amide, si loo helo wax-soo-saarka ugu badan. Sababtoo ah isbeddelka tartiib tartiib ah ee foomka amide ee loo yaqaan 'nitrogen ammonium', ka dibna foomka loo yaqaan 'nitrate', kaas oo inta ugu badan loo heli karo dhir, khasaaraha nitrogen marka la isticmaalayo bacriminta waa mid aad u yar.
Waxtarka labiska baradhada KAS-32 ayaa si isdaba joog ah loogu cadeeyay si awood leh, tusaale ahaan, gobolka Moscow iyadoo lagu saleynayo JSC "Ozyory". Mid ka mid ah noocyada wax soo saar leh, Gala, ayaa loo xushay in lagu baaro, oo ay khubaradu u adeegsadeen Diammofoska 10-26-26 oo ah bacriminta ugu weyn. Ka dib markii la soo koobay natiijooyinka, waxaa la ogaaday in ikhtiyaarka lagu dalbanayo 300 l oo ah UAN-32 hoostiisa, marka la barbardhigo soo bandhigida 200 kg ee ammonium amooniyam, ay kordhisay waxsoosaarka 5 t / ha. Isla mar ahaantaana, waxsoosaarka jajabka la iibsan karo wuxuu kordhay 16,6%, macaashka la helayna wuxuu ahaa 63000 rubir halkii hektar.
NITROGEN gudaha TUBERS OO AAN LACAG LA'AAN
Nidaam karti u leh codsashada Bacriminta nitrogen ma kordhin karto oo keliya waxsoosaarka, laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu badbaadin karaa beeraleyda lacag. Rajada weyn ee beeraleyda baradhada jihadaan waxaa furaya wax soo saarka cusub ee shirkadda EuroChem - UTEK carbamide.
Teknolojiyadda ku tirtirida dhagaxyada urea leh xayrta urease waxay sii dheereysaa ficilka loo yaqaan 'nitrogen', kaas oo hubiya horumarka ka soo baxa digriiga cabir isku mid ah. Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee nafaqada nafaqada ayaa weli ah luminta hawo-la'aan nitrogen ah, oo mararka qaarkood gaarta 80%. Isticmaalka UTEC carbamide waxay si weyn u yareyn kartaa iyaga.
Tijaabooyinka ay sameeyeen khabiirada EuroChem sanadkii 2018 oo salka ku haya Kudashevo SEC ee Gobolka Tula ayaa muujisay in isticmaalka urea la xakameeyay kaliya aysan kordhinin dhalida baradhada, laakiin sidoo kale ay si weyn u kordhineyso soosaarka jajabyada ganacsiga.
Kahor intaadan beerin baradho Red Scarlett oo loogu talagalay qodista ciidda, amooniyam amooniyam ayaa lagu soo bandhigay qiyaasta 200 kg / ha iyo UTEC urea 150 kg / ha. Markii la beero, Nooc baradho ah NPK 14-14-23 ayaa loo isticmaalay sidii bacrimin isku dhafan oo labada nooc ah. Natiijooyinka tijaabooyinka waxay muujiyeen in UTEC urea kala duwanaansho, xisaabinta wax soo saarka noolaha, soosaarka jajabyada ganacsiga ayaa ahaa 27 t / he, oo 13,5% ka sarreysa kantaroolka.
FARSAMADA CUNTADA FARASHADA
Isku-darka dhammaan walxaha lagama maarmaanka ah ayaa gacan ka geysan doona kor u qaadista nidaamka nafaqada baradhada illaa inta ugu badan. Dharka caleenta wuxuu noqday qeyb muhiim ka ah tikniyoolajiyadda degdegga ah ee beero dalaggan, waxay kuu oggolaanayaan inaad adeegsato awoodda hidaha ee wax soo saarka oo aad u kordhiso hufnaanta bacriminta aasaasiga ah. EuroChem waxay bixisaa noocyo farabadan oo bacrimiyo-biyo-biyo-baxa. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah badeecada loo yaqaan 'mono -monium phosphate, phosphate-ka loo yaqaan' monopot potassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, nitrate nitrate '), iyo NPK Aqualis complex oo adag, oo loogu talagalay in loo isticmaalo sixitaanka nafaqada.
EuroChem waxay qorsheyneysaa inay sii waddo soosaarka iyo tijaabada sayniska ee bacriminta mustaqbalka baradhada. Khabiirada shirkada ayaa had iyo jeer kaa caawin doona inaad fahanto arrimaha nafaqada macdanta ee tan iyo dalagyada kale, kaala taliyaan iyo xulashada qorshayaasha u dhigma shuruudaha beerahaaga.
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