Svetlana Nekoval, madaxa sheybaarka
ururinta hidda-socodka ee tamaandhada FGBNU VNIIBZR,
Baaraha Sare, Murashaxa Sayniska Bayoolaji
+7 903 455 11 03
Cidna kama shakiso baahida loo qabo in la ilaaliyo baradhada inta lagu gudajiro wax beero. Laakiin laxiriirta baahida sii kordheysa ee suuqa ee bey'adda u fiican, waxsoosaarka beeraha ee aaminka ah, beeraleydu waxay wajahayaan su'aasha - sida loo ilaaliyo baradho: hab kiimiko ama qaab nooleed? Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, warshadaha wax soo saarka beeraha ayaa inta badan doorbiday diyaarinta microbioloji si ay u badalaan dawooyinka kiimikada.
Shaqaalaha shaybaarka ee uruurinta hidaha tamaandhada ee Hay'adda Miisaaniyadda Dowladda ee VNIIBZR ee mid ka mid ah shirkadaha beeraha ee degmada Kalininsky ee dhulka loo yaqaan 'Krasnodar Territory' waxay sameysay tijaabooyin saynis ah oo ku saabsan waxtarka ilaalinta baradho dhulka bannaanka u leh diyaarinta microbiological ee soosaarka LLC "Biotehagro" (Timashevsk).
Baradhada Arrow waxaa lagu dhex beeray cajalad 2-line ah sedex shirqool - xukun, heer, tijaabo. Dhererka dhisme kasta wuxuu ahaa 100 mitir.
Qalab ilaalin ah looma adeegsanin qolka xakamaynta. Qorshaha “etalon”, nidaamka ilaalinta ee lagu qaatay beerta ayaa la adeegsaday (diyaarinta Celest TOP, KS; Ridomil Gold MC, VDG; Thanos, VDG). Qorshaha "khibradda", alaabooyinka bayoolojiga ayaa la isticmaalay: Geostim, F; BSka-3, F; BFTIM KS-2, Zh; Bilow, J.
Dhamaan shirqoollada tijaabada ahi waxay buuxiyeen shuruudaha guud (carrada isku mid ahaanta xagga taranka). Dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee tijaabada, digriiga baradho ayaa la beeray Maarso 6, 2020.
Waqti hore, ku-buufin-abuurida ciidda goobta "tijaabada" waxaa lagu fuliyay diyaarinta Geostim iyada oo cabirku yahay 1 l / ha.
Intii lagu jiray tijaabooyinka, waxyaabaha soo socda ayaa la fuliyay: falanqaynta cilminafsiga ee ciidda, baaritaanka cudurka abuurka, korjoogteynta jirka ee dhirta baradho, qiimeynta saamiyada dhirta si loo go'aamiyo etiology cudurka.
Si loo go'aamiyo isku-dhafka Mycological ee ciidda goobta tijaabada guga, kahor soo-bandhigidda "diyaarinta biotechagro" iyo ka dib adeegsiga nidaamka ilaalinta, samballada ciidda ayaa loo qaaday si waafaqsan habka. Natiijadii ka soo baxday falanqayntii ku samaysantay ee ku samaysantay sanbalada ciidda, miro-yarida yar yar ee ku takhasustay trophic-ga ayaa la go'doomiyey oo la aqoonsaday (Jadwalka 1)
Jadwalka 1 - Natiijooyinka baaritaanka falanqaynta mycological ee sanbalka ciidda 2020
field | CFU ee boqoshaada, kun xabbo hal garaam oo carrada gabi ahaanba qalalan | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Penicillium spp. | Aspergillus spp. | Trichoderma spp. | Fusarium spp. | Alternaria spp. | |
Kahor soo bandhigista daroogada LLC "Biotehagro" 27.02.2020/XNUMX/XNUMX | 0.4 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Soo-bandhigidda ka dib diyaarinta loo yaqaan 'Biotehagro LLC 08.06.2020/XNUMX/XNUMX' | 0.1 | 0.45 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0 |
Intii lagu gudajiray falanqaynta ciida, laba kooxood oo ah maadada loo yaqaan 'micromycetes' waa la go'doomiyey oo la aqoonsaday. Kooxda cudurka 'pathogenic group' waxaa matalaya fangaska hiddo-wadaha fusarium spp. IYO beddelkeeda spp. Kooxda saprotrophic ee fangaska microscopic-ka waxaa matalaya go'doominta fungi ee hiddaha Trichoderma, Penicillium и Aspergillus.
Kala duwanaanshaha ka dib isticmaalka alaabada noolaha ee shirkadda Biotehagro, hoos u dhac ku yimid CFU of fungi ayaa la xusay penicillium, Aspergillus, iyo sidoo kale maqnaanshaha buuxa ee r. beddelkeeda... Intaa waxaa sii dheer, tusaalahan, waxaa kordhay tirada boqoshaada ka trichoderma iyo tiro yar oo boqoshaada p. fusarium.
Marka loo eego natiijooyinka falanqaynta mycological ee ciidda, waxaa suurtogal ah in la ogaado dhaqdhaqaaqa togan ee koritaanka fangaska webiga. trichoderma, Si kastaba ha noqotee, tani kuma filna in laga hadlo cabudhinta sare ee ciidda, maadaama saamiga ugu wanaagsan ee boqoshaada ka timaadda webiga. penicillium, Aspergillus и trichoderma (1: 1: 3). Isticmaal dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay Geostim ciidda ayaa lagula talinayaa.
Kala duwanaanshaha nidaamka ilaalinta Biotehagro, digriiga baradhada waxaa lagu daaweeyey BSka-3 qiime ahaan 4 l / t kahor beero. Beeritaanka waxaa fuliyay cagaf jilaaga 'KhTZ-181' (Sawir 2,3).
Kala duwanaanta nidaamka ilaalinta beeraha, digriiga baradhada waxaa lagu daaweeyay Celest TOP, KS ka hor intaan la beerin. Beerista baradhada waxaa sidoo kale lagu fuliyay cagaf diir ah.
Laba bilood ka dib markii la beeray digriiga - 11.05.2020/15/20, markii ay dhirtu gaadhay dherer ah 3-10 cm, oo ku kala duwan nidaamka ilaalinta Biotehagro, dhirta yaryar waxaa lagu buufiyay BFTIM (XNUMX l / ha) si looga hortago cudurro isku dhafan. Daaweynta soo noqnoqda ee alaabada bayoolojiga ah ayaa la fuliyay XNUMX maalmood kadib.
Kala duwanaanshaha nidaamka ilaalinta beeraha, laba bilood ka dib markii digriiga la beeray, tallaabooyin ilaalin ayaa lagu fuliyay dawada Ridomil Gold MC, EDG oo ah prophylaxis.
Intii lagu gudajiray la socodka jirka ee baradhada, cayayaanka iyo infekshannada ku dhaca phytopathogenic lama arkin (Sawir 4).
10 maalmood ka dib daaweynta koowaad (21.05), natiijooyinka diiwaangelinta ayaa muujisay in badeecada noolaha ay kicisay koritaanka firfircoon ee noolaha baradho, marka la barbar dhigo xakamaynta, dhererka geedka ayaa u rogmaday inuu ka sarreeyo 3,4 cm. 0,6 cm ka badan) marka loo eego nidaamka difaaca waxyaabaha alaabada leh.
Tirada dhirta 1 m2 dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee tijaabada waxay ahaayeen isku mid, si kastaba ha noqotee, tirada afkoda kala duwanaanshaha leh cilmiga nafsiga ayaa 3 dheeraad ah. marka la barbar dhigo kantaroolka, iyo 1 pc. in ka badan nooca tixraaca.
Goosashada ka dib (Juun 15.06), shaqaalaha sheybaarka ayaa go'aamiyay saameynta waxyaabaha alaabada bayolojiga ah lagu tijaabiyay qaab dhismeedka dalagga, dhalidda baradhada halkii hektar, iyo sidoo kale tilmaamayaasha tayada dalagga.
Marka loo eego gabagabadooda, tirada ugu badan ee digriiga baradho ee jajabyada dhexdhexaad ah iyo kuwa weyn (cuntada) ayaa laga helay noocyo kala duwan oo ah nidaamka ilaalinta “Biotechagro”. Digriiga jajabka ganaaxa ee kala duwanaanshaha biofooska ayaa 1 ka yar marka loo eego xakameynta iyo 2 in ka badan heerka, si kastaba ha noqotee, wadarta tirada barandhada ee jajabka ganaax ee noocyada kala duwan ee Biotechagro ayaa ka sarreeyay. Cabbirka qaaxada ee kujira noolaha ayaa kala duwan 20 ilaa 150 garaam.
Jaantus 5. Tirada digriiga baradhada ku jira koontaroolka (a) iyo noocyada kale ee leh nidaamka difaaca "Biotehagro" (b) Sawir 6. Cabbir tiro badan oo jajab ah oo kala jaad jaad ah oo leh nidaamka badbaadada bayoolojiga
Adeegsiga badeecada noolaha ayaa kordhisay dhalidda baradhada halkii hektar (Shaxda 1).
Shaxda 2. Waxqabadka dhaqaale ee baradhada Arrow marka la xisaabinayo dalaga, 2020
Fursadaha | Wax soo saar, c / ha | Kordhinta dhalidda, c / ha |
Xakamaynta | 78 | - |
Khibrad | 235,3 | 157,3 |
Tixraac | 206 | 128 |
NDS 0,5 | 6,4 | - |
Soosaarka ugu badan ayaa lagu arkay kala duwanaanta isticmaalka diyaarinta bayoolojiga, halkaas oo kororku uu ahaa 157,3 c / ha marka loo eego xakameynta. Nooca tixraaca, kororka dhaliddu wuxuu ahaa 128,0 c / ha, taas oo ka yar natiijadii laga helay goobta halka nidaamka difaaca bayoolajiga lagu dabaqay, 29,3 c / ha.
Si loo qiimeeyo tayada ganacsiga loona caddeeyo astaamaha dhadhanka ee baradho, sanballada 10 digriiga ganacsiga ah oo u dhigma noocyo kala duwan ayaa la qaatay.
Natiijo ahaan, khubaradu waxay u soo saareen dhammaan tusmooyinka noocan ah kuwo tayo wanaagsan oo tayo sare leh oo leh dhadhan aad u fiican.
Inta lagu gudajiray cilmi baarista, waxa kujira istaarijka, fiitamiin C, iyo nitrate-ka nitriiga ee digriiga baradho la bislaaday ayaa la go'aamiyay (Shaxda 3).
Jadwalka 3aad
Fursadaha | Nitrogen nitrate, mg / kg | Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban tahay fiitamiin C, mg / 100 g wax la cuni karo | Maaddada istaarijka,% |
Xakamaynta | 118 | 4,4 | 20,8 |
Khibrad | 138 | 9,3 | 21,3 |
Tixraac | 187 | 7,9 | 21,2 |
NDS 0,5 | 9,5 | 6,4 | 11,0 |
Qiimaha badeecooyinka ilaalinta baradho ee qiimaha ka socda suuqa inta lagu jiro xilliga imtixaanka ayaa lagu soo koobay Shaxda. 4.
Jadwalka 4. Kharashaadka alaabada difaaca baradhada
Diyaargarowga LLC Biotehagro "khibrad" | Xaddiga loo baahan yahay ee daroogada, l / ha | Diyaargarowga nidaamka ilaalinta beeraha "etalon" | Xaddiga loo baahan yahay ee daroogada, l / ha | ||
Geostim | 1 | Celeste TOP, KS | 0,4 | ||
Bilow | 4 | Ridomil Gold MC, VDG | 5 | ||
BFTIM | 6 | Thanos, EDC | 1,2 | ||
BSka-3 | 4 | - | - | ||
Laga soo bilaabo miiska la soo bandhigay, waxaan ku soo gabagabeyn karnaa in nidaamka nafleyda ah ee ilaalinta baradhada Arrow uu faa iido badan u leeyahay kiimikada (heerka), maaddaama kharashyada tallaabooyinka ilaalintu ay ka yar yihiin 14247,8 rubles / ha, iyo soosaarka ayaa ka sarreeya 29,3 c / ha.
Iyada oo la tixgalinayo xaqiiqda ah in qiimaha baradhada yaryar ee Juun, celcelis ahaan, uu yahay 17 rubles / kg, kororka wax soo saarka ee ku yaal goob tijaabo ah marka la barbar dhigo heerka uu ku kacayo hektarkiiba 49810 rubles.
Tijaabooyinka la sameeyay waxay muujiyeen in ilaalinta cilmiga bayoolajiga ee baradhoku ay ka qiimo badan tahay tan kiimikada ilaalinteeda: 64058 rubles halkii hektar, tanina iyada oo aan tixgelin la siineynin hoos udhaca culeyska jirka ee carrada, deegaanka, oo ay kujiraan dadka.
Iidheh ahaan