Khubaradii shirkadda "Agoosto" ayaa sheegay cudurrada dhirta ee waxyeelada ugu badan u geystay beeraha Ruushka sannadkan. Cimilo qoyan iyo qabow dhowr gobol ayaa ka careysiiyay horumarka degdega ah ee bakteeriyada bakteeriyada, taas oo ka xayiraysa beeraleyda dalagyadooda. Qamadiga 'ophiobosis' wuxuu si dhakhso leh ugu faafayaa beeraha oo dhan - sannadkan cudur fungal ah ayaa laga diiwaangeliyey koonfurta oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale Gobollada Dhexe ee Dunida Madow. Qoyaan xad dhaaf ah oo ka jira gobolka Kursk iyo gobollada deriska la ah ayaa u oggolaaday caariyaysi in uu wax yeelo dhegaha badarka. Isla mar ahaantaana, dhibaatada ugu weyn ee beeraleyda Koonfurta Federaalka - Abaarta - waxay xaddiday faafitaanka cudurka ugu halista badan ee hadhuudhka - fusarium, kaas oo xaaladaha caadiga ah ka dhigi kara hadhuudh sun leh mycotoxins. Si kastaba ha noqotee, mugga iibka ee sunta sunta ee 10-ka soo-saarayaasha ugu weyn ee sunta cayayaanka ee Ruushka qeybtii hore ee 2020 marka la barbardhigo isla muddadaas 2019 wuxuu ka kordhay 17 bilyan illaa 21 bilyan oo rubi (marka laga reebo VAT): beeraleyda gudaha waxay ku bixinayaan lacag aad iyo aad u badan sidii ay u ilaalin lahaayeen wax soo saarka sare ...
Sannadkii 2020, soo saarayaasha beeraha ee ka kala yimid gobollada Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Tula, Bryansk ayaa mar kale la kulmay dillaacay bakteeriyada bakteeriyada, oo ay ku jiraan illaa 7 nooc. Dhakhaatiirta ku takhasustay cilmiga jirka waxay aaminsan yihiin in sababta ugu weyn ee loo horumariyo cudurada ay tahay tayada liidata ee iniinyaha ee Ruushka: beeraleyda inta badan waxay ka iibsadaan midba midka kale baradhada cudurka qaba, ayada oo kordhinaysa aaggeeda Iyo kuwa beeraleyda ah ee fiiro gaar ah u leh tayada wax soo saarka maanta waxay hubiyaan 50-70 shay oo walxaha abuurka ah ka hor intaadan iibsan, laakiin falanqaynta muuqaalka ah waxay gacan ka geysaneysaa in la jaro kaliya tijaabooyinka qurmay.
"Maanta suurtagal maahan in la ogaado infekshinka qarsoon ee jeermiska bakteeriyada iyadoo la adeegsanayo qaababka ay bixisay shirkadda GOST, taas oo ay tahay inay baradhada abuurka u hoggaansamaan," ayuu yiri Dmitry Belov, oo ah madaxa waaxda horumarinta wax soo saarka ee shirkadda bisha Agoosto. - Wejiga firfircoon ee cudurka wuxuu ku bilaaban karaa horumarka asliga - laga bilaabo hooyada ama xitaa tuber cusub. Caadi ahaan la arko waa madow, oo ay keento bakteeriya ka timaadda hiddo-wadaha Pectobacterium iyo Dickeya, oo sidoo kale ku badan beeraha gaarka loo leeyahay. Mararka qaarkood cudurradu waxay isu muujiyaan marxaladda biqilka, laakiin geedo ma muuqan karaan sidoo kale - waxaan ku aragnay dhacdadan dhowr hektar oo ku yaal gobolka Moscow saddex sano ka hor. Dhibaatadu waa mid caadi ah, laakiin sannadkan bakteeriyada ayaa si gaar ah loogu sheegaa xaaladaha cimilada awgood - qoyaan saa'id ah iyo guga qabow ee gobollada ugu muhiimsan ee baradhada la beero. Baradhadu ay saameyso bakteeriyada ayaa si fudud "u daadan karta" inta lagu guda jiro keydinta - mararka qaarkood tani waxay ku dhacdaa bakhaarada oo dhan. "
Koonfurta Federaalka ee xilligan, waxaa ka dillaacay cudurka ophiobosis ee sarreenka. Tani waa cudur fangas leh oo leh daaqad aad u ballaadhan oo waxyeello u geysata dalagga: way iska soo muuqan kartaa wejiga saddexaad ee caleenta iyo wejiga jilitaanka (sameynta caleemaha ee badarka) illaa wajiga booting, taasoo horseedda joojinta nafaqada dhirta iyo, gaar ahaan, dhegta sameysmaya. Cudurka waa adag tahay in la garto: heerarka ugu horreeya waxaa lagu jahwareersan yahay xididdada rhizoctonia, oo saameynaya dalagyada Koonfurta Federaalka ee Koonfurta sanadihii la soo dhaafay, taas oo waxyeelleyneysa nidaamka xididka oo xoogaa uga sii darreysa nafaqada dhirta, laakiin cawaaqibta ayaa ku kooban tan. Ophiobolism, kiisaska badankood, waxay sababaan khasaaro fara badan, waxyeelada ka timaadana waxay gaaraysaa ilaa 30% dalagga. Cudurku wuxuu si dhaqso leh ugu faafaa beeraha - qiyaastii 10% aagga ayaa la qaadaa sanad kasta. Dhibaatadani waxay si gaar ah caan ugu tahay Tervropol Territory, waxaa ku sii dartay Territory-ka Krasnodar, iyo 2019-2020. kiisaska go'doonsan ayaa bilaabay in laga diiwaan geliyo Gobollada Dhexe ee Dunida Madow.
Faafitaanka cudurka, khubarada shirkadda "Agoosto" ayaa sharraxaya, waxaa ugu horreyn fududeeyay khalkhalka ku yimaada wareegga dalagga, marka dalagyada miraha ka soo baxa sannadba sannadka ka dambeeya isla aagagga. Ma jiraan habab wax ku ool ah oo kiimiko ah oo looga hortago ophiobolez, hase yeeshe, shirkaddu waxay ku talineysaa in laga hortago horumarkooda jeermis-dileyaasha iyadoo la adeegsanayo fungicides ka dhan ah cudur-sidayaasha kale horraanta gu’ga - xasaanadda dhirta ee ka madax-bannaan cudurrada kale si fiican ayey ula qabsataa daawada ophiobolez.
Gobollada Kursk, Oryol, Bryansk, Kaliningrad iyo Voronezh, iyo sidoo kale Jamhuuriyadda Bashkortostan sannadkan waxaa soo maray dhibaatooyin la xiriira caaryada budada ah, taas oo dhaqan ahaan loo arko inay tahay mid ka mid ah cudurrada ugu badan ee badarka. Waxaa laga helaa meel kasta oo badarka jiilaalka waxayna ku dhacdaa xaaladaha dalagyada cufan, heerkulka hooseeya, iyo helitaanka qoyaan iyo bacriminno ku filan. Kordhinta heerkulka iyo hoos u dhaca xaddiga qoyaanka, badiyaa Maajo, cudurku "wuu iska tagayaa" keligiis - gaar ahaan koonfurta Ruushka. Laakiin sannadkan, tusaale ahaan, gobolka Kursk, xaddiga qoyaanku ma hoos u dhicin, cudurku wuxuu bilaabay inuu ku soo dhowaado dhegaha oo beeralaydu waa inay billaabaan daaweynta fungicidal. Sababaha isku mid ah ee gobollada la magacaabay ayaa gacan ka gaysatay horumarinta cudurka loo yaqaan 'peronosporosis' ee soybaanku - cudurkani wuu kharribi karaa ilaa 20% dalagga.
Beerid aad u tiro badan oo ah gabbaldayaha isla aagga ayaa ka xanaajisa muuqaalka cudurada sida miridhku, phomopsis, caaryo liidata, iyo sidoo kale kallana noocyo kala duwan ah - sclerotinosis, botrytis. Dhaqan ahaan, soo dhaca miridhku wuxuu caan ku yahay gobollada Samara, Saratov, Voronezh iyo Volgograd, sannadka 2020 isbeddelka faafintoodu isma beddelin.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, dhacdo aan caadi aheyn xilligan waxay ahayd cudurro aan faafin oo sunflower ah, oo ah gubashada heerkulka: qaybo ka mid ah dhirta ayaa u dhintay sabab la'aan, iyo falanqeyntu ma muujin joogitaanka wakiilada faafa. Tani waxaa laga arkay meel kasta - laga bilaabo Stavropol ilaa Volgograd.
Iyo hal cudur oo kale, dillaac la arki karo oo ka mid ah kuwaas oo lagu xusay 2020, waa miridh digir ah, kaas oo waxyeeleeyay dalagyada ka soo jeeda Gobollada Dhexe ee Dunida Madow illaa Altai.
“Miridhku wuxuu markiisii hore u muuqday dhibco oranjo-bunni ah oo ku yaal caleemaha dalagga, xilliyada goosashada, daruuro dhirtu ka soo baxdo ayaa ka dambeeya kuwa goosta beeraha digirta cudurka qaba. Tani sidoo kale waa cudur fungal ah, dillaaciisa oo ka dhashay cimilada qoyan ee meelo badan. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxay is muujisay xitaa iyadoo ay jiraan xaalado abaareed oo ka jira goboladaas oo ay jiraan "keyd" sare oo cudurka, sida ay ku dhacday, gaar ahaan, Altai, "ayuu yiri Dmitry Belov.
Guud ahaan, khabiirku wuxuu sheegayaa in dhibaatada ugu badan ee beeraleyda badankood ee 2020 aysan ahayn cudurada dhirta, laakiin ay tahay abaar. By the way, waxay ahayd iyada dartiis in sanadkan dalagyadu aysan la kulmin cudur khatar ah sida fusarium, kaas oo yareyn kara oo keliya miisaanka hadhuudhka, laakiin sidoo kale ka dhigi kara khatar caafimaadka u gaar ah mycotoxins. Waqtiga lagu qeexayo horumarinta Fusarium waa qoyaan inta lagu jiro ubax qamadiga - qaab roob ama sayax. Laakiin xaaladaha marka uusan jirin wax roob ah gebi ahaanba, ma jirin wax shuruudo ah oo lagu kala qaadi karo. Markii hore, cudurkani wuxuu waxyeello u geystay dalagyadii ku jiray Kuban, ee Tervropol Territory, koox ka tirsan gobollada Bartamaha Dunida Madow, ee ku taal Altai - sida saxda ah halka ay abaartu ka talinaysay xilligan.
Dhinaca kale, khubarada shirkadda "Agoosto" waxay caddeeyeen in gobollada ay ku jireen qoyaan ku filan (tan, gaar ahaan, Moscow, Smolensk, gobollada Bryansk), waxaa lagu arkay hoyga dalagga xilliga qaboobaha. Lafteeda laf ahaanteed, tani cudur maahan: firileyda waxay seexdaan marka dhag xoog leh laga sameeyo xaaladaha nafaqada wanaagsan, laakiin qoyaanka siyaadada ah, unugyada asliga ah waxay ku sugan yihiin xaalad daciif ah mana adkeysan karaan dabaysha. Si taas looga hortago, beeralaydu waxay adeegsadaan jaangooyooyinka koritaanka si loo soo gaabiyo loona xoojiyo jirida sababo la xiriira isu dhowaanshaha hoose ee internodes-ka midba midka kale. Laakiin haddii aan tallaabooyinka la qaadin, ka dib marka dalagyada la xareeyo, hadhuudhku "wuu qulqulayaa" ama wuxuu bilaabmayaa inuu si toos ah ugu soo baxo geedka dhegta, iyo u dhowaanshaha miraha ee dhulka oo ah isha infekshinka ayaa kicinaysa cudur.
Ka soo horjeedka asalka ee kororka cudurka la ogaaday ee cudurada dhirta, wakiillada xakameyntooda - fungicides - ayaa si deg deg ah ugu guuleysanaya suuqa gudaha. Sidaa darteed, sida laga soo xigtay 10-ka soo-saarayaasha ugu waaweyn ee sunta cayayaanka ee Ruushka, iibinta sunta cayayaanka qeybtii hore ee 2020 marka la barbardhigo isla muddadaas sanad kahor ayaa kordhay ku dhowaad rubuc - laga bilaabo 17 bilyan illaa 21 bilyan oo RUB (marka laga reebo VAT). Isbarbardhigga: wadarta iibinta sunta cayayaanka qeybtii hore ee sanadka ayaa kordhay 18% - laga bilaabo 65 bilyan ilaa 77 bilyan oo rubi (marka laga reebo VAT).
Dmitry Belov ayaa yidhi: “Suuqa lagu buufiyo sunta - dawooyinka looga hortago cudurrada dhirta - si joogto ah ayuu u sii fidayaa. - Yurub gudaheeda, marka loo eego xagga lacagta, way ka ballaaran tahay suuqa loogu talagalay wakiilada xakamaynta haramaha - doogga, halka Russia ay tahay iibintooda oo weli si weyn ugu adkaatay qaybta guud ahaan. Wadamada yurub ee leh dalagyada dalagyada ee sarreeya, ilaa 4 daweyn oo loo adeegsado fungicidal ayaa lagu sameeyaa xilli ciyaareedkiiba. Ruushka, sanadkii la soo dhaafay, isuduwahaani wuxuu u dhigmaa 1,5, laga yaabee sanadkan inuu soo dhowaado 2. Maanta, beeraleyda guryaha ku nool meel kasta waxay hagaajiyaan nafaqada macdanta ee dalagyada waxaana lagu haggaa hordhaca noocyo wax soo saar sare leh oo ka soo horjeeda noocyada u adkaysi u leh cudurada, laakiin ku xaddidan wax soo saarka. Tani waxay noo ogolaaneysaa inaan saadaalino in suuqa sunta sunta lagu kariyo uu sii kori doono, iyo kordhinta meelaha la beeray iyo inta jeer ee daaweynta. "
Waxyaabaha ay bixiso adeegga saxaafadda ee shirkadda "Agoosto"